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  2. Charles A. Hawley - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_A._Hawley

    Charles Augustus Hawley (March 13, 1861 – July 22, 1929) was an American orthodontist who is known for developing the Hawley retainer which is used in the field of Orthodontics. He attended Angle School of Orthodontia and graduated from there in 1905.

  3. Retainer (orthodontics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retainer_(orthodontics)

    This retainer is intended to be adjustable similarly to the traditional Hawley retainer, which is not practical with vacuum-formed retainers. Research shows that Hawley retainers are not effective for preventing incisor irregularity relapse. [4] Hawley retainers also affect speech, especially the d, s, t, and i sounds, however as they are often ...

  4. List of orthodontic functional appliances - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Orthodontic...

    Upper and Lower Jaw Functional Expanders. This is a comprehensive list of functional appliances that are used in the field of orthodontics.The functional appliances can be divided into fixed and removable.

  5. Palatal expansion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatal_expansion

    Palatal expander in mixed dentition. Rapid palatal expansion (RPE) or Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) is an expansion technique where expansion of 0.5 mm to 1 mm is achieved each day until the posterior crossbite is relieved.

  6. Open bite malocclusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_bite_malocclusion

    A tongue crib is a removable appliance placed in the maxillary arch to stop the tongue thrusting habit. This appliance may be used in patients with mixed dentition or permanent dentition. The tongue crib is attached through a bar to two bands placed on the upper 1st molars. The crib is shaped like a horseshoe with metal bars that prevent thrusting.

  7. Adams clasp - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams_clasp

    The component is formed from a length of hard stainless steel wire with Adams universal pliers.The wire for a permanent tooth is typically 0.7mm in diameter but 0.8mm can also be used, especially for clasps that are made to fit two teeth. [9]

  8. Herbst appliance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbst_appliance

    The Herbst appliance is an orthodontic appliance used by orthodontists to correct class 2 retrognathic mandible in a growing patient, meaning that the lower jaw is too far back.

  9. Hyoid apparatus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyoid_apparatus

    The hyoid apparatus is the collective term used in veterinary anatomy for the bones which suspend the tongue and larynx. [1] It consists of pairs of stylohyoid, thyrohyoid, epihyoid and ceratohyoid bones, and a single basihyoid bone. [2] The hyoid apparatus resembles the shape of a trapeze, [3] or a bent letter "H". [4]