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It uses its venom primarily as a means of defense. The spitting cobra has the ability to direct venom up to three metres away from its location. [1] The trajectory of the venom that the cobra sprays is not at random. The spitting cobra has evolved to aim the venom that it spits into or as close as possible to the antagonist’s face and eyes. [1]
The murine IP LD 50 value for this snake is 2 mg/kg. [6] In September 2011, a snake keeper from the Eastern Cape in South Africa died shortly after a red spitting cobra sprayed venom into his face while he and a friend were photographing the snake. Some of the venom was believed to have entered his nasal passages and led to anaphylactic shock.
Spilotes sulphureus, commonly known as the yellow-bellied hissing snake or Amazon puffing snake, is a species of venomous snake in the family Colubridae. It is widely distributed throughout South America , as well as the Caribbean island of Trinidad .
The cobra's diet mainly consists of amphibians, other snakes, birds, eggs, small mammals, and occasionally even insects. [4] This cobra has been reported to scavenge and eat carcasses in an advanced stage of decomposition. [7] It has been documented feeding on venomous snakes such as black mamba and has developed immunity to its venom. [8]
In a national hospital based survey of snakes responsible for bites in Thailand, 10% of all dead snakes brought by snake-bitten patients were of this species (described as "Naja atra northern spitting cobra"). Neurotoxic signs (ptosis and difficulty in breathing) were observed in 12 of the 114 cases (10.5%).
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The crude venom of N. samarensis has LD 50 of 0.2mg/kg via intravenous injection (IV). [13] They are noted for their nervous behavior, and are quick to strike as well as to spray venom, which they generally aim towards the face and eyes. However, the cobra is more reluctant to spit venom than its northern relative, the Northern Philippines cobra.
Out of Pennsylvania’s 21 species of snake only three are venomous. Two are found in the central region. Julian Avery from Penn State explains what to look for.