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Endometriosis is a condition in which tissues lining the uterus (endometrial stroma and gland) grows abnormally beyond the uterus that may become quite painful. In simpler terms, it means that the tissue lining the uterus develops in different parts outside of it. It can be either at ovary, fallopian tubes, or peritoneal spaces. [2]
The ovary changes structure and function beginning at puberty. [2] Since the ovaries are able to regulate hormones, they also play an important role in pregnancy and fertility . When egg cells (oocytes) are released from the fallopian tube, a variety of feedback mechanisms stimulate the endocrine system, which cause hormone levels to change. [ 10 ]
Ovarian cancer forms when errors in normal ovarian cell growth occur. Usually, when cells grow old or get damaged, they die, and new cells take their place. Cancer starts when new cells form unneeded, and old or damaged cells do not die as they should. The buildup of extra cells often forms a mass of tissue called an ovarian tumor or growth.
The ovaries will likely appear smaller than normal. [medical citation needed] The age of onset can be as early as 11 years. [17] POI can be seen as part of a continuum of changes leading to menopause [7] that differ from age-appropriate menopause in the age of onset, degree of symptoms, and sporadic return to normal ovarian function. [8]
The removal of healthy ovarian tissue or compromising blood flow to the ovary are both risk factors of the surgery that could lead to detrimental affects on the ovarian reserve. However, despite the fact that there is a risk of loss of ovarian function, studies have shown the recurrence rate of endometrioma is reduced. [9]
Polycystic ovary syndrome, or polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. [14] The syndrome is named after cysts which form on the ovaries of some women with this condition, though this is not a universal symptom, and not the underlying cause of the disorder.
Normal function of mitochondria is to generate energy through oxidative phosphorylation. During oocyte maturation and fertilization mitochondria elongate, develop cristae and the matrix changes from a dense solution to a lighter matrix. Any abnormalities in this mitochondria development can lead to chromosomal segment disorders, oocyte ...
Oral contraceptives for the purpose of regaining menses and improving BMD is not suggested as a first-line treatment due to their role in the suppression of ovarian function in women who were eumenorrheic prior to treatment [9] and because these drugs may mask the return of spontaneous menstruation while loss of bone mass continues.