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TEOS-10 (Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater - 2010) is the international standard for the use and calculation of the thermodynamic properties of seawater, humid air and ice. It supersedes the former standard EOS-80 (Equation of State of Seawater 1980). [1] TEOS-10 is used by oceanographers and climate scientists to calculate and model ...
Sigma-t is a quantity used in oceanography to measure the density of seawater at a given temperature. [1] σ T is defined as ρ (S,T)-1000 kg m −3, where ρ (S,T) is the density of a sample of seawater at temperature T and salinity S, measured in kg m −3, at standard atmospheric pressure. For example, a water sample with a density of 1.027 ...
The density of surface seawater ranges from about 1020 to 1029 kg/m 3, depending on the temperature and salinity. At a temperature of 25 °C, the salinity of 35 g/kg and 1 atm pressure, the density of seawater is 1023.6 kg/m 3. [7] [8] Deep in the ocean, under high pressure, seawater can reach a density of 1050 kg/m 3 or higher. The density of ...
Salinity (/ səˈlɪnɪti /) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰). Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry ...
Standard displacement, also known as "Washington displacement", is a specific term defined by the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. [11] ". It is the displacement of the ship complete, fully manned, engined, and equipped ready for sea, including all armament and ammunition, equipment, outfit, provisions and fresh water for crew, miscellaneous ...
The unit used in the US is the foot sea water (fsw), based on standard gravity and a sea-water density of 64 lb/ft 3. According to the US Navy Diving Manual, one fsw equals 0.30643 msw, 0.030 643 bar , or 0.444 44 psi , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] though elsewhere it states that 33 fsw is 14.7 psi (one atmosphere), which gives one fsw equal to about 0.445 psi.
Temperature and salinity combine to determine the potential density of seawater; contours of constant potential density are often shown in T-S diagrams. Each contour is known as an isopycnal, or a region of constant density. These isopycnals appear curved because of the nonlinearity of the equation of state of seawater.
The neutral density ( ) or empirical neutral density is a density variable used in oceanography, introduced in 1997 by David R. Jackett and Trevor McDougall. [1] It is a function of the three state variables (salinity, temperature, and pressure) and the geographical location (longitude and latitude). It has the typical units of density (M/V).