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The Haymarket affair, also known as the Haymarket massacre, the Haymarket riot, the Haymarket Square riot, or the Haymarket Incident, was the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago, Illinois, United States.
The Pullman incident and the Haymarket pardons were used against Altgeld by his conservative enemies. Altgeld was ineligible to run for president (since he was born in Germany), but he led the fight against the Cleveland forces in 1896. Altgeld publicly broke from Cleveland and his conservative supporters.
August Vincent Theodore Spies (/ s p iː s /, SPEES; December 10, 1855 – November 11, 1887) was an American upholsterer, radical labor activist, and newspaper editor.An anarchist, Spies was found guilty of conspiracy to commit murder following a bomb attack on police in an event remembered as the Haymarket affair.
Artist's depiction of the Haymarket Square riot. In May 1886, the Knights of Labor were demonstrating in the Haymarket Square in Chicago, demanding an eight-hour day in all trades. When police arrived, an unknown person threw a bomb into the crowd, killing one person and injuring several others.
A Story of Chicago, the First Labor Movement and the Bombing that Divided Gilded Age America". Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire (96): 287– 288. ISSN 0294-1759. JSTOR 20475227. Dabscheck, Braham (2007). "Review of Death in the Haymarket: A Story Of Chicago, the First Labor Movement and the Bombing that Divided Gilded Age America".
The aftermath of the 1910 Los Angeles Times Bombing also contributed to a widespread decline in unionization. The bombing, one of dozens of terrorist sabotage events nationwide organized by members of the International Association of Bridge and Structural Iron Workers, killed 21 and injured over 100. The guilty verdicts "devastated the American ...
The Haymarket trial had two distinct effects on the labor movement: first, a nationwide campaign to round up anarchists and, second, a steep decline in the Knights of Labor's membership. Terence Powderly, the Knights president, disavowed the Haymarket eight, even as local trade unions and Knights assemblies around the country protested the arrests.
The Haymarket Tragedy is a 1984 history book by Paul Avrich about the Haymarket affair and the resulting trial.. Among other books about the Haymarket affair, The New York Times wrote in 2006, Avrich's book compared as "a tour de force of archival research, clear narrative and probing analysis," especially on the history of American anarchism.