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2. Atomic form factor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor

   X-ray atomic form factors of oxygen (blue), chlorine (green), Cl − (magenta), and K + (red); smaller charge distributions have a wider form factor. In physics , the atomic form factor , or atomic scattering factor , is a measure of the scattering amplitude of a wave by an isolated atom.

3. X-ray diffraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_diffraction

   X-ray diffraction is a generic term for phenomena associated with changes in the direction of X-ray beams due to interactions with the electrons around atoms. It occurs due to elastic scattering, when there is no change in the energy of the waves. The resulting map of the directions of the X-rays far from the sample is called a diffraction pattern.

4. F-factor (conversion factor) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-factor_(conversion_factor)

   The two determinants of the F-factor are the effective atomic number (Z) of the material and the type of ionizing radiation being considered. Since the effective Z of air and soft tissue is approximately the same, the F-factor is approximately 1 for many x-ray imaging applications. However, bone has an F-factor of up to 4, due to its higher ...

5. Diffraction topography - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction_topography

   X-ray diffraction topography is one variant of X-ray imaging, making use of diffraction contrast rather than absorption contrast which is usually used in radiography and computed tomography (CT). Topography is exploited to a lesser extent with neutrons , and is the same concept as dark field imaging in an electron microscope .

6. X-ray crystallography - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography

   Anomalous X-ray scattering (MAD or SAD phasing) – the X-ray wavelength may be scanned past an absorption edge [a] of an atom, which changes the scattering in a known way. By recording full sets of reflections at three different wavelengths (far below, far above and in the middle of the absorption edge) one can solve for the substructure of ...

7. Women are being notified that they need to take action if ...

   www.aol.com/women-being-notified-action-dense...

   Women who have dense breasts and/or other risk factors need to have a conversation with their health provider about a breast screening protocol that is appropriate for them. Cover supplemental ...

8. Why Trump has so much riding on the House speaker vote - AOL

   www.aol.com/why-trump-much-riding-house...

   Trump needs a quick win. Even the endorsement from Trump, who has crushed most Republican resistance to his MAGA movement, cannot guarantee that Johnson will triumph as unified conservative rule ...

9. Glossary of geography terms (A–M) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geography_terms...

   This glossary of geography terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in geography and related fields, including Earth science, oceanography, cartography, and human geography, as well as those describing spatial dimension, topographical features, natural resources, and the collection, analysis, and visualization of geographic ...