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  2. Fermentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation

    Fermentation is a type of redox metabolism carried out in the absence of oxygen. [1] [2] During fermentation, organic molecules (e.g., glucose) are catabolized and ...

  3. Fermentation in winemaking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_in_winemaking

    The natural occurrence of fermentation means it was probably first observed long ago by humans. [3] The earliest uses of the word "fermentation" in relation to winemaking was in reference to the apparent "boiling" within the must that came from the anaerobic reaction of the yeast to the sugars in the grape juice and the release of carbon dioxide.

  4. Fermentation in food processing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_in_food...

    In food processing, fermentation is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—without an oxidizing agent being used in the reaction. Fermentation usually implies that the action of microorganisms is desired.

  5. Yeast in winemaking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking

    The process of fermentation at work on Pinot noir. As yeast consume the sugar in the must it releases alcohol and carbon dioxide (seen here as the foaming bubbles) as byproducts. The role of yeast in winemaking is the most important element that distinguishes wine from fruit juice.

  6. Ethanol fermentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol_fermentation

    Ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products. Because yeasts perform this conversion in the absence of oxygen, alcoholic fermentation is considered an anaerobic process.

  7. Lactic acid fermentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acid_fermentation

    Lactic acid fermentation is a metabolic process by which glucose or other six-carbon sugars (also, disaccharides of six-carbon sugars, e.g. sucrose or lactose) are converted into cellular energy and the metabolite lactate, which is lactic acid in solution.

  8. Sugars in wine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugars_in_wine

    During fermentation, glucose is consumed first by the yeast and converted into alcohol. A winemaker that chooses to halt fermentation (either by temperature control or the addition of brandy spirits in the process of fortification ) will be left with a wine that is high in fructose and notable residual sugars.

  9. Brewing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewing

    A 16th-century brewery Brewing is the production of beer by steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains, the most popular of which is barley) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. It may be done in a brewery by a commercial brewer, at home by a homebrewer, or communally. Brewing has taken place since around the 6th millennium BC, and archaeological evidence ...

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