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If a calculus forms in the duct that drains the saliva from a salivary gland into the mouth, then saliva will be trapped in the gland. This may cause painful swelling and inflammation of the gland. Inflammation of a salivary gland is termed sialadenitis. Inflammation associated with blockage of the duct is sometimes termed "obstructive ...
Then, when salivary secretion is stimulated, the mucus plug becomes stuck in the stricture. [1] The backlog of saliva behind the blockage causes the swelling, and the increased pressure inside the gland causes the pain. When the mucus plug is dislodged, the built up saliva is released and the swelling subsides.
Cheilitis glandularis—This is inflammation of the minor salivary glands, usually in the lower lip, eversion and swelling of the lip. [11] Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis is a salivary gland manifestation of IgG4-related disease. [13] [14]
It should not be confused with sialadenosis (sialosis) which is a non-inflammatory enlargement of the major salivary glands. [2] Sialadenitis can be further classed as acute or chronic. Acute sialadenitis is an acute inflammation of a salivary gland which may present itself as a red, painful swelling that is tender to touch.
A sialolithiasis (a salivary calculus or stone) may cause blockage of the ducts, most commonly the submandibular ducts, causing pain and swelling of the gland. [33] Salivary gland dysfunction refers to either xerostomia (the symptom of dry mouth) or salivary gland hypofunction (reduced production of saliva); it is associated with significant ...
Blockage, whether caused by salivary duct stones or external compression, may cause pain and swelling of the parotid gland . Koplik's spots which are pathognomonic of measles are found near the opening of the parotid duct. The parotid duct may be cannulated by inserting a tube through the internal orifice in the mouth. [2]
Episodic swelling of major salivary glands accompanied by pain and related to salivary stimuli suggests duct obstruction. Also need to assess the facial nerve. The facial nerve passes through the parotid so may be affected if there is a change in the parotid gland.
Parotitis presents as swelling at the angle of the jaw. Bacterial parotitis presents as a unilateral swelling, where the gland is swollen and tender and usually produces pus at the Stensen's duct. This pus is usually sampled and the bacteria within are identified. Common causative bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and E ...