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The autoclave was invented by Charles Chamberland in 1879, [3] although a precursor known as the steam digester was created by Denis Papin in 1679. [4] The name comes from Greek auto-, ultimately meaning self, and Latin clavis meaning key, thus a self-locking device. [5] Video demonstrating how autoclaves work
A laminar flow cabinet blows unfiltered exhaust air towards the worker and is not safe for work with pathogenic agents, [2]: 13 [3] while a fume hood maintains negative pressure with constant exhaust to protect the user, but does not protect the work materials from contamination by the surrounding environment.
Using mice as test animals, one experiment showed that heating BSE positive brain tissue at 134–138 °C (273–280 °F) for 18 minutes resulted in only a 2.5 log decrease in prion infectivity. [15] Most autoclaves have meters and charts that record or display information, particularly temperature and pressure as a function of time.
A biosafety cabinet (BSC)—also called a biological safety cabinet or microbiological safety cabinet—is an enclosed, ventilated laboratory workspace for safely working with materials contaminated with (or potentially contaminated with) pathogens requiring a defined biosafety level.
Because of the relatively low temperature used, AAC blocks are not considered to be a fired brick but a lightweight concrete masonry unit. After the autoclaving process, the material is stored and shipped to construction sites for use. Depending on its density, up to 80% of the volume of an AAC block is air. AAC's low density also accounts for ...
used as a portable autoclave Biological and chemical indicators: Used to ascertain if a certain process has been completed, e.g. spores used in an autoclave are killed if autoclaving is properly done Filters: •Candle filter: used as household water filters and as filters for large particles in the laboratories
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Environmental testing is the measurement of the performance of equipment under specified environmental conditions. [1] This can include the following: [2] [3] High and low extreme temperatures