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For such problems, to achieve given accuracy, it takes much less computational time to use an implicit method with larger time steps, even taking into account that one needs to solve an equation of the form (1) at each time step. That said, whether one should use an explicit or implicit method depends upon the problem to be solved.
Variable changes for differentiation and integration are taught in elementary calculus and the steps are rarely carried out in full. The very broad use of variable changes is apparent when considering differential equations, where the independent variables may be changed using the chain rule or the dependent variables are changed resulting in ...
Suppose that we want to solve the differential equation ′ = (,). The trapezoidal rule is given by the formula + = + ((,) + (+, +)), where = + is the step size. [1]This is an implicit method: the value + appears on both sides of the equation, and to actually calculate it, we have to solve an equation which will usually be nonlinear.
The backward differentiation formula (BDF) is a family of implicit methods for the numerical integration of ordinary differential equations.They are linear multistep methods that, for a given function and time, approximate the derivative of that function using information from already computed time points, thereby increasing the accuracy of the approximation.
In numerical analysis and scientific computing, the backward Euler method (or implicit Euler method) is one of the most basic numerical methods for the solution of ordinary differential equations. It is similar to the (standard) Euler method , but differs in that it is an implicit method .
Differentiation rules – Rules for computing derivatives of functions Implicit function theorem – On converting relations to functions of several real variables Integration of inverse functions – Mathematical theorem, used in calculus Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
D-notation leaves implicit the variable with respect to which differentiation is being done. However, this variable can also be made explicit by putting its name as a subscript: if f is a function of a variable x, this is done by writing [6] for the first derivative, for the second derivative,
In Riemannian geometry, the existence of a metric chooses a unique preferred torsion-free covariant derivative, known as the Levi-Civita connection. See also gauge covariant derivative for a treatment oriented to physics. The exterior covariant derivative extends the exterior derivative to vector valued forms.