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Mehtab Chand (1820–79) (zamindar of the Burdwan Raj) as a young man, c. 1840–45 AD.. When Babur conquered North India, there were many autonomous and semiautonomous rulers who were known locally as Rai, Raja, Rana, Rao, Rawat, etc. while in the various Persian chronicles, they were referred to as zamindars and marzabans.
The zamindars also had policing, judicial and administrative functions. The zamindars were integral to Mughal government in Bengal. They were also known as jagirdars. Under Company rule in India, the Cornwallis Code introduced the Permanent Settlement. Zamindars were made responsible for collecting taxes on behalf of the colonial government.
Zamindars refusing to pay the state and gathering forces to attack neighbouring zamindars was a common practice in Bihar during this period. [ 8 ] This attitude to authority continued into the period when the Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad became the nominal governors of Bihar.
In 1802, the British after settling the facts with Nizam and Local Poligars and Zamindars they made permanent settlement in which they issued sanads to pay the government peskash annually. There are many ancient Zamindaries in this district, and also newly formed but Most influential Zamindars too.
These settlements were established in order to delineate authority to landlords and thereby relieve the ryot from the control of middlemen who often exploited them. Often, these zamindars were Indian Native princes who lost their sovereignty due to British expansion. The zamindari settlement was based on a similar settlement established in Bengal.
Aryacakravarti Dynasty which was ruled by Tamil Brahmins; Baghochia Dynasty was founded by Raja Bir Sen and were the ruling dynasty of Hathwa Raj and Bans Gaon Estate. The Cadet branch of the family also ruled Tamkuhi Raj, Salemgarh Estate, Ledo Gadi, Kiajori estate and Kharna Ghatwali.
Mymensingh has a long tradition of muktagacha plays. The cultural scene here was once very diverse. There was spontaneous participation of Muktagacha zamindars in drama, literature, culture etc. [15] And this revolving stage made the drama more popular. Kumar Bhupendra Kishore, son of Zamindar Jagatkishore Acharya Chowdhury, was fond of drama.
Thus, zamindars were not the landowners but rather revenue collector agents of the state. [2] Cornwallis believed that they would immediately accept it and so begin investing in improving their land. In 1790, the Court of Directors issued a ten-year (decennial) settlement to the zamindars, which was made permanent in 1793. [citation needed]