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Johannine literature is the collection of New Testament works that are traditionally attributed to John the Apostle, John the Evangelist, or to the Johannine community. [1] They are usually dated to the period c. AD 60–110 , with a minority of scholars, including Anglican bishop John Robinson , offering the earliest of these datings.
The First Epistle of John stands out from the others due to its form, but they're united by language, style, contents, themes, and worldview. [9] The Second and Third Epistles of John are composed as regular greco-roman letters, with greetings and endings, while the First Epistle of John lacks such characteristic markings and instead resembles a sermon or an exhoratory speech.
Knowing that John has performed many miracles in their city, the people at the temple beg John not to destroy them. John then changes his mind, using the power of God instead to break the altar of Artemis in many pieces, damage the offerings and idols within the temple, and collapse half of the structure itself on top of its priest, killing him.
Scholars generally agree that Pol. Phil. is an authentic epistle of Polycarp. [1]: 27ff One potential objection to the authenticity of the epistle, however, is the apparent chronological inconsistency between Chapters 9 and 13.
For much of the 20th century, scholars interpreted the Gospel of John within the paradigm of this hypothetical Johannine community, [5] meaning that the gospel sprang from a late-1st-century Christian community excommunicated from the Jewish synagogue (probably meaning the Jewish community) [6] on account of its belief in Jesus as the promised Jewish messiah. [7]
The transliterated title of the Greek manuscript is "Acts of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian", [1] with the subtitle "Of His Exile and His Passage". The name "Acts of John in Rome" is a modern title given by scholars to distinguish it from the Acts of John, since the major characteristic of these "Acts of John in Rome" differentiating it from the "Acts of John" is that most ...
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John the Evangelist and Peter by Albrecht Dürer (1526) John is always mentioned in the group of the first four apostles in the Gospels and in the Book of Acts, listed either second, [30] third [31] or fourth. [32] [33] John, along with his brother James and Peter, formed an informal triumvirate among the Twelve Apostles in the Gospels.