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Designed to enable fast experimentation with deep neural networks, Keras focuses on being user-friendly, modular, and extensible. It was developed as part of the research effort of project ONEIROS (Open-ended Neuro-Electronic Intelligent Robot Operating System), [ 5 ] and its primary author and maintainer is François Chollet , a Google engineer.
In machine learning, a neural network (also artificial neural network or neural net, abbreviated ANN or NN) is a model inspired by the structure and function of biological neural networks in animal brains. [1] [2] An ANN consists of connected units or nodes called artificial neurons, which loosely model the neurons in the brain. Artificial ...
Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are a class of artificial neural network commonly used for sequential data processing. Unlike feedforward neural networks , which process data in a single pass, RNNs process data across multiple time steps, making them well-adapted for modelling and processing text, speech, and time series .
[2] For convolutional neural networks (CNNs), BatchNorm must preserve the translation-invariance of these models, meaning that it must treat all outputs of the same kernel as if they are different data points within a batch. [2] This is sometimes called Spatial BatchNorm, or BatchNorm2D, or per-channel BatchNorm. [9] [10]
A convolutional neural network consists of an input layer, hidden layers and an output layer. In a convolutional neural network, the hidden layers include one or more layers that perform convolutions. Typically this includes a layer that performs a dot product of the convolution kernel with the layer's input matrix.
It was one of the first deep learning methods, used to train an eight-layer neural net in 1971. [14] [15] [16] In 1967, Shun'ichi Amari reported [17] the first multilayered neural network trained by stochastic gradient descent, was able to classify non-linearily separable pattern classes. Amari's student Saito conducted the computer experiments ...
Time delay neural network (TDNN) [1] is a multilayer artificial neural network architecture whose purpose is to 1) classify patterns with shift-invariance, and 2) model context at each layer of the network. Shift-invariant classification means that the classifier does not require explicit segmentation prior to classification.
Extreme learning machines are feedforward neural networks for classification, regression, clustering, sparse approximation, compression and feature learning with a single layer or multiple layers of hidden nodes, where the parameters of hidden nodes (not just the weights connecting inputs to hidden nodes) need to be tuned.