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Examples of protocols that use plain, human-readable text for its commands are FTP (File Transfer Protocol), SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), early versions of HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), and the finger protocol. [36] Text-based protocols are typically optimized for human parsing and interpretation and are therefore suitable ...
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is an application layer protocol in the Internet protocol suite model for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. [1] HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web , where hypertext documents include hyperlinks to other resources that the user can easily access, for ...
Protocol (object-oriented programming), a common means for unrelated objects to communicate with each other (sometimes also called interfaces) Communication protocol, a defined set of rules and regulations that determine how data is transmitted in telecommunications and computer networking Cryptographic protocol, a protocol for encrypting messages
This remains the dominant internetworking protocol in use in the Internet Layer; the number 4 identifies the protocol version, carried in every IP datagram. IPv4 is defined in RFC 791 (1981). Version number 5 was used by the Internet Stream Protocol, an experimental streaming protocol that was not adopted. [7] The successor to IPv4 is IPv6.
The protocol defines the specific format of messages exchanged and the sequence of communications for cooperation of the participants. SIP is a text-based protocol, incorporating many elements of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). [3]
The wire data of TCP provides significant information-gathering and modification opportunities to on-path observers, as the protocol metadata is transmitted in cleartext. [92] [93] While this transparency is useful to network operators [94] and researchers, [95] information gathered from protocol metadata may reduce the end-user's privacy. [96]
Note these data types are commonly called "modes", although ambiguously that word is also used to refer to active-vs-passive communication mode (see above), and the modes set by the FTP protocol MODE command (see below). For text files (TYPE A and TYPE E), three different format control options are provided, to control how the file would be ...
As this protocol started out purely ASCII text-based, it did not deal well with binary files, or characters in many non-English languages. Standards such as Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions ( MIME ) were developed to encode binary files for transfer through SMTP.