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This article gives a list of the high priests (Kohen Gadol) of ancient Israel up to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD. Because of a lack of historical data, this list is incomplete and there may be gaps. A traditional list of the Jewish High Priests. The High Priests, like all Jewish priests, belonged to the Aaronic line.
The high priest is the chief of all the priests; he should be anointed and invested with the priestly garments; but if the sacred oil were not obtainable, [36] investiture with the additional four garments is regarded as sufficient. [37] A high priest so invested is known as merubbeh begadim.
The vestments that were unique to the high priest were the priestly robe, ephod (vest or apron), priestly breastplate, and priestly golden head plate. In addition to the above "golden garments", the high priest also had a set of white "linen garments" (bigdei ha-bad) which he wore only on Yom Kippur for the Yom Kippur Temple service. [20]
There was also a different order for the names inscribed on the two "onyx" stones on the High Priest's shoulders. One opinion suggests that the names of the twelve tribes were arranged in groups after their mothers: Leah's six sons aligned one after the other on one stone, with Judah heading this list, followed by Rachel's sons with the names ...
The robe of the High Priest as created by the Temple Institute. The priestly robe (Hebrew: מְעִיל, romanized: məʿīl), sometimes robe of the ephod (מְעִיל הָאֵפֹוד məʿīl hāʾēp̄ōḏ), is one of the sacred articles of clothing of the High Priest of Israel. The robe is described in Exodus 28:31-35.
The garments of the Israelite priests and high priests are described, and prescribed, in detail in Leviticus. For the high priest these include a priestly tunic, linen undergarments, sash, robe, priestly turban, ephod (with Urim and Thummim), and a priestly breastplate with 12 stones representing the twelve tribes of Israel.
In the Book of Leviticus when Moses consecrates Aaron and his sons as High Priest and priests, respectively, the linen undergarments are not mentioned (Leviticus 8:7, Leviticus 8:13), [3] though their use is obviously presumed. There were four holy garments worn by both the priests and the High Priest alike:
The priest on one knee beside him is wearing it wrapped conically, which was called a mig̲bāʿā. Another view of the turban. The priestly mitre or turban (Hebrew: מִצְנֶפֶת, romanized: miṣnep̄eṯ) was the head covering worn by the High Priest of Israel when he served in the Tabernacle and the Temple in Jerusalem.