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The four main mountain ranges of Venus are named Akna Montes, Danu Montes, Freyja Montes, and Maxwell Montes. These are found on Ishtar Terra. Mountain ranges are formed by the folding and buckling of a planet's crust. The mountain ranges of Venus, like those of the Earth, are characterized by many parallel folds and faults.
The origin of the Lakshmi Planum and the mountain belts such as Maxwell Montes is controversial. One theory suggests they formed over a hot plume of material rising from Venus's interior, while another says the region is being compressed (pushed together) from all sides, resulting in material descending into the planet's interior. [5]
Maat Mons is the second-highest mountain on Venus, and is a recently active shield volcano. Over 1,100 volcanic structures over 20 km in diameter have been identified on Venus, and it is assumed that smaller structures probably number many times these. These structures include large volcanic edifices, shield volcano fields, and individual calderas.
Examples of such mountains are the Maxwell Montes on Venus, [5] the Montes Apenninus on the Moon [6] and Olympus Mons on Mars, [7] respectively. More unusual origins are also possible. For example, the Geryon Montes of Mars are an erosional remnant of a former plateau within Ius Chasma, part of the Valles Marineris canyon system.
List of mountains on Mars; List of rocks on Mars; List of valles on Mars; List of chasmata on Mars; List of plains on Mars; List of terrae on Mars; List of areas of chaos terrain on Mars; List of surface features of Mars seen by the Spirit rover; List of surface features of Mars seen by the Opportunity rover; see also List of Martian canals
An area of tile-like, polygonal terrain. This term is used only on Venus. TE Tholus, tholi / ˈ θ oʊ l ə s /, / ˈ θ oʊ l aɪ / Small domical mountain or hill e.g. Hecates Tholus. TH Undae, undae / ˈ ʌ n d iː / A field of dunes. Used on Venus, Mars and Titan. UN Vallis, valles / ˈ v æ l ɪ s /, / ˈ v æ l iː z / A valley e.g. Valles ...
The surface of Venus is comparatively flat. When 93% of the topography was mapped by Pioneer Venus Orbiter, scientists found that the total distance from the lowest point to the highest point on the entire surface was about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi), about the same as the vertical distance between the Earth's ocean floor and the higher summits of the Himalayas.
It is sometimes called Earth's "sister planet" due to their similar size, gravity, and bulk composition (Venus is both the closest planet to Earth and the planet closest in size to Earth). The surface of Venus is covered by a dense atmosphere and presents clear evidence of former violent volcanic activity.