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In 1923 the American physician Henry Stanley Plummer discovered that high-dose iodine may be effective in the treatment of Graves’ disease. [2] [3] Today, “Plummering”, i.e. therapy with Lugol's iodine solution, is one of several emergency measures in the management of severe thyrotoxicosis. [4]
Only the Wolff–Chaikoff effect is helpful to prevent the thyroid from uptaking radioactive iodine in the case of nuclear emergencies. Therefore, "plummering" with high-dose iodine is only effective in a short time window after the release of radionuclides. [15] Wrong timing of iodine use may even increase the risk by triggering the Plummer ...
In high dosage, iodine may reduce the synthesis of thyroid hormone via the Wolff–Chaikoff effect and its release via the Plummer effect. [5] Some guidelines recommend that iodine be administered after antithyroid medications are started, because iodine is also a substrate for the synthesis of thyroid hormone, and may worsen hyperthyroidism if ...
Saturated solutions of potassium iodide can be an emergency treatment for hyperthyroidism (so-called thyroid storm), as high amounts of iodide temporarily suppress secretion of thyroxine from the thyroid gland. [58] The dose typically begins with a loading dose, then 1 ⁄ 3 mL SSKI (5 drops or 250 mg iodine as iodide), three times per day.
This isotope of radioactive iodine used for ablative treatment is more potent than diagnostic radioiodine (usually iodine-123 or a very low amount of iodine-131), which has a biological half-life from 8–13 hours. Iodine-131, which also emits beta particles that are far more damaging to tissues at short range, has a half-life of approximately ...
Likewise, most studies of very-high-dose 131 I for treatment of Graves' disease have failed to find any increase in thyroid cancer, even though there is linear increase in thyroid cancer risk with 131 I absorption at moderate doses. [5] Thus, iodine-131 is increasingly less employed in small doses in medical use (especially in children), but ...
This is a form of targeted therapy for hyperthyroidism. Since even low levels of ionizing radiation are highly mutagenic and can cause cancer, [16] less toxic iodine isotopes such as iodine-123 [17] are more commonly used in nuclear imaging, while iodine-131 is used for its cytolytic (cell-destroying) effects in hyperthyroidism and thyroid ...
As the ipodate is metabolized, it releases iodine into circulation, helping bring the T3 and T4 levels back down. Ipodate also inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3 (which is more potent). It is not considered a first-line approach, as potassium iodide and beta blockers have less potential for side-effects. Ipodate sodium lacks FDA approval for ...
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