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  2. Lexical lists - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_lists

    AD-GI 4, Archaic Word List C, "tribute", [7] a misnomer based on identification of gú/gún with tax, a concise archaic Sumerian, or perhaps proto-Euphratic, word list of animals, numbers, foodstuff and agricultural terminology [8]: 183 embedded in a thanksgiving ritual, first encountered in Uruk and later in Ur and Fāra [9] [KAV 46-47, 63-65 ...

  3. Sumerian language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerian_language

    [f] [103] [105] However, scholars who believe in the existence of phonemic vowel length do not consider it possible to reconstruct the length of the vowels in most Sumerian words. [106] [g] During the Old Sumerian period, the southern dialects (those used in the cities of Lagash, Umma, Ur and Uruk), [108] which also provide the overwhelming ...

  4. List of loanwords in Classical Syriac - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_loanwords_in...

    Loanwords in Classical Syriac Aramaic entered the language throughout different periods in the history of Mesopotamia.The Alexandrian and Seleucid rule along with interaction with their fellow citizens of the Greco-Roman world of the Fertile Crescent resulted in the adoption of numerous Greek words.

  5. Akkadian language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_language

    During the Middle Bronze Age (Old Assyrian and Old Babylonian period), the language virtually displaced Sumerian, which is assumed to have been extinct as a living language by the 18th century BC. Old Akkadian, which was used until the end of the 3rd millennium BC, differed from both Babylonian and Assyrian, and was displaced by these dialects.

  6. Akkadian literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_literature

    A considerable amount of Akkadian, Assyrian and Babylonian literature was translated from Sumerian originals, and the language of religion and law long continued to be the old agglutinative language of Sumer, which was a language isolate. Vocabularies, grammars, and interlinear translations were compiled for the use of students, as well as ...

  7. Decipherment of cuneiform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decipherment_of_cuneiform

    Sumerian was the last and most ancient language to be deciphered. Sale of a number of fields, probably from Isin, c. 2600 BC. The first known Sumerian-Akkadian bilingual tablet dates from the reign of Rimush. Louvre Museum AO 5477. The top column is in Sumerian, the bottom column is its translation in Akkadian. [44] [45]

  8. Urra=hubullu - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urra=hubullu

    It consists of Sumerian and Akkadian lexical lists ordered by topic. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The canonical version extends to 24 tablets, and contains almost 10,000 words. [ 5 ] The conventional title is the first gloss, ur 5 -ra and ḫubullu meaning "interest-bearing debt" in Sumerian and Akkadian, respectively.

  9. History of Mesopotamia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mesopotamia

    Map showing the extent of Mesopotamia. The Civilization of Mesopotamia ranges from the earliest human occupation in the Paleolithic period up to Late antiquity.This history is pieced together from evidence retrieved from archaeological excavations and, after the introduction of writing in the late 4th millennium BC, an increasing amount of historical sources.