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(1) Every nation, nationality and people has an unconditional right to self-determination including the right to secession. (2) Every nation, nationality and people in Ethiopia has the right to speak, to write and to develop its own language; to express and to promote its culture; and to preserve its history .
Arabic, which also belongs to the Afroasiatic family, is spoken in some areas of Ethiopia. [8] [9] Many Muslim Ethiopians are also able to speak Arabic because of their religious background. [10] English is the most widely spoken foreign language and is taught in many schools. [11] [1] [12]
By Proclamation No. 21 January 1992, Eritrea was declared as an independent state but until the 1993 referendum confirmed the creation of the new nation, inhabitants legally had dual nationality in both Ethiopia and Eritrea. [85] Under the 1992 Eritrean Nationality Proclamation, children could acquire nationality equally from either parent. [8]
Ethiopia's population is highly diverse, containing over 80 different ethnic groups. Most people in Ethiopia speak Afro-Asiatic languages, mainly of the Cushitic and Semitic branches. The former includes the Oromo and Somali, and the latter includes the Amhara and Tigray. Together these four groups make up three-quarters of the population.
Discontent with territory and religious dominance led to intense war between the Ethiopian Empire, the Christian state, (consisting of the Amhara, Tigrayan, Soddo Gurage, and Agaw ethnic groups) and the Muslim state Adal Sultanate (consisting of Semitic speaking Harari formally known as the Harla people, and the Argobba).
With 57,500,000 total speakers as of 2019, including around 25,100,000 second language speakers, Amharic is the most widely spoken of the group, the most widely spoken language of Ethiopia and second-most widely spoken Semitic language in the world after Arabic. [3] [4] Tigrinya has 7 million speakers and is the most widely spoken language in ...
Arabic is a language cluster comprising 30 or so modern varieties. [1] Arabic is the lingua franca of people who live in countries of the Arab world as well as of Arabs who live in the diaspora, particularly in Latin America (especially Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Chile and Colombia) or Western Europe (like France, Spain, Germany or Italy).
Afroasiatic-speaking communities make up the majority of the population. Among these, Semitic speakers often collectively refer to themselves as the Habesha people. The Arabic form of this term (al-Ḥabasha) is the etymological basis of "Abyssinia", the former name of Ethiopia in English and other European languages. [17]