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In control theory, a continuous linear time-invariant system (LTI) is exponentially stable if and only if the system has eigenvalues (i.e., the poles of input-to-output systems) with strictly negative real parts (i.e., in the left half of the complex plane). [1]
The notion of exponential stability guarantees a minimal rate of decay, i.e., an estimate of how quickly the solutions converge. The idea of Lyapunov stability can be extended to infinite-dimensional manifolds, where it is known as structural stability, which concerns the behavior of different but "nearby" solutions to differential equations.
Other names for linear stability include exponential stability or stability in terms of first approximation. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] If there exists an eigenvalue with zero real part then the question about stability cannot be solved on the basis of the first approximation and we approach the so-called "centre and focus problem".
In mathematics, stability theory addresses the stability of solutions of differential equations and of trajectories of dynamical systems under small perturbations of initial conditions. The heat equation , for example, is a stable partial differential equation because small perturbations of initial data lead to small variations in temperature ...
For asymptotic stability, the state is also required to converge to =. A control-Lyapunov function is used to test whether a system is asymptotically stabilizable , that is whether for any state x there exists a control u ( x , t ) {\displaystyle u(x,t)} such that the system can be brought to the zero state asymptotically by applying the ...
Expressing the first exponential as a series will yield another series in positive powers of x − μ which is generally less useful. For one-sided stable distribution, the above series expansion needs to be modified, since q = exp ( − i α π / 2 ) {\displaystyle q=\exp(-i\alpha \pi /2)} and q i α = 1 {\displaystyle qi^{\alpha }=1} .
In the mathematical subfield of numerical analysis, numerical stability is a generally desirable property of numerical algorithms. The precise definition of stability depends on the context. One is numerical linear algebra and the other is algorithms for solving ordinary and partial differential equations by discrete approximation.
In mathematical analysis, a C 0-semigroup, also known as a strongly continuous one-parameter semigroup, is a generalization of the exponential function.Just as exponential functions provide solutions of scalar linear constant coefficient ordinary differential equations, strongly continuous semigroups provide solutions of linear constant coefficient ordinary differential equations in Banach spaces.