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The systematic name "ethanoic acid", a valid IUPAC name, is constructed according to the substitutive nomenclature. [8] The name "acetic acid" derives from the Latin word for vinegar, "acetum", which is related to the word "acid" itself. "Glacial acetic acid" is a name for water-free acetic acid.
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The systematic IUPAC name is not always the preferred IUPAC name, for example, lactic acid is a common, and also the preferred, name for what systematic rules call 2-hydroxypropanoic acid. This list is ordered by the number of carbon atoms in a carboxylic acid.
Phase behavior Triple point: 289.8 K (16.7 °C), ? Pa Critical point: 593 K (320 °C), 57.8 bar Eutectic point with water –26.7 °C Std enthalpy change
Where an acid has both a systematic and a common name (like CH 3 COOH, for example, which is known as both acetic acid and as ethanoic acid), its salts can be named from either parent name. Thus, KCH 3 CO 2 can be named as potassium acetate or as potassium ethanoate.
However, acetic acid is usually also formed as a by-product of the reaction, so that the solvent is ultimately a mixture of methylene chloride, acetic anhydride and acetic acid. A very rare heterogeneous process is the fiber acetate process, which is only used for the production of cellulose triacetate as an end product.
The blue isomer is prepared by treating hydrated nickel chloride with triphenylphosphine in alcohols or glacial acetic acid: [1] NiCl 2 •6H 2 O + 2 PPh 3 → NiCl 2 (PPh 3) 2 + 6 H 2 O. When allowed to crystallise from chlorinated solvents, the tetrahedral isomer converts to the square planar isomer. The square planar form is red and diamagnetic.
Aceturic acid can be prepared by warming glycine either with a slight excess of acetic anhydride in benzene, [2] or with an equal molar amount of acetic anhydride in glacial (concentrated) acetic acid. [3]
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