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  2. Connotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connotation

    Connotation. A connotation is a commonly understood cultural or emotional association that any given word or phrase carries, in addition to its explicit or literal meaning, which is its denotation . A connotation is frequently described as either positive or negative, with regard to its pleasing or displeasing emotional connection. [1]

  3. Direct reference theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_reference_theory

    A referential theory of meaning (also called direct reference theory [1] or referential realism) [2] is a theory of language that claims that the meaning of a word or expression lies in what it points out in the world. [3] Ex , The word tree may have an exterior meaning from the one always intended , that is , tree can be translated into ...

  4. Loaded language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loaded_language

    Loaded language (also known as loaded terms, strong emotive language, high-inference language, language-persuasive techniques, and rhetorical language) is rhetoric used to influence an audience by using words and phrases with strong connotations. This type of language is very often made vague to more effectively invoke an emotional response and ...

  5. Literal and figurative language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Literal_and_figurative_language

    Linguistics. Literal and figurative language is a distinction that exists in all natural languages; it is studied within certain areas of language analysis, in particular stylistics, rhetoric, and semantics. Literal language uses words exactly according to their direct, straightforward, or conventionally accepted meanings or denotation.

  6. Denotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denotation

    Denotation. In linguistics and philosophy, [1] the denotation of a word or expression is its strictly literal meaning. For instance, the English word "warm" denotes the property of having high temperature. Denotation is contrasted with other aspects of meaning including connotation. For instance, the word "warm" may evoke calmness, coziness, or ...

  7. Connotation (semiotics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connotation_(semiotics)

    In semiotics, connotation arises when the denotative relationship between a signifier and its signified is inadequate to serve the needs of the community. A second level of meanings is termed connotative. These meanings are not objective representations of the thing, but new usages produced by the language group.

  8. List of age-related terms with negative connotations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_age-related_terms...

    List of age-related terms with negative connotations. The following is a list of terms used in relation to age with negative connotations. Many age-negative terms intersect with ableism, or are derogatory toward people with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Age-negative terms are used about young people as ...

  9. Jakobson's functions of language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakobson's_functions_of...

    Roman Jakobson defined six functions of language (or communication functions ), according to which an effective act of verbal communication can be described. [2] Each of the functions has an associated factor. For this work, Jakobson was influenced by Karl Bühler 's organon model, to which he added the poetic, phatic and metalingual functions.