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  2. Optical cross section - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_cross_section

    Optical cross section of a flat mirror with a given reflectivity at a particular wavelength () can be expressed by the formula = Where is the cross sectional diameter of the beam. Note that the direction of the light has to be perpendicular to the mirror surface for this formula to be valid, else the return from the mirror would no longer go ...

  3. List of optics equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_optics_equations

    Print/export Download as PDF; ... Subscripts 1 and 2 refer to initial and final optical media respectively. ... The Cambridge Handbook of Physics Formulas. Cambridge ...

  4. Interference colour chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interference_colour_chart

    Michel-Lévy interference colour chart issued by Zeiss Microscopy. In optical mineralogy, an interference colour chart, also known as the Michel-Levy chart, is a tool first developed by Auguste Michel-Lévy to identify minerals in thin section using a petrographic microscope.

  5. Cauchy's equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy's_equation

    The most general form of Cauchy's equation is = + + +,where n is the refractive index, λ is the wavelength, A, B, C, etc., are coefficients that can be determined for a material by fitting the equation to measured refractive indices at known wavelengths.

  6. Jones calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jones_calculus

    Assume an optical element has its optic axis [clarification needed] perpendicular to the surface vector for the plane of incidence [clarification needed] and is rotated about this surface vector by angle θ/2 (i.e., the principal plane through which the optic axis passes, [clarification needed] makes angle θ/2 with respect to the plane of ...

  7. Rayleigh–Gans approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayleigh–Gans_approximation

    Rayleigh–Gans approximation has been applied on the calculation of the optical cross sections of fractal aggregates. [6] The theory was also applied to anisotropic spheres for nanostructured polycrystalline alumina and turbidity calculations on biological structures such as lipid vesicles [7] and bacteria.

  8. Snellen chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snellen_chart

    The formula is w = 2 d tan ⁡ θ 2 {\displaystyle w=2d\,{\tan {{\theta } \over {2}}}} where w {\displaystyle w} is the optotype height or width (which are the same due to the optotype being on a square grid), d {\displaystyle d} is the distance from eye to chart, and θ {\displaystyle \theta } is the angle subtended by the optotype, which is 5 ...

  9. Fresnel equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_equations

    The plane of incidence is defined by the incoming radiation's propagation vector and the normal vector of the surface. There are two sets of Fresnel coefficients for two different linear polarization components of the incident wave.