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In biology, any group of fish that stay together for social reasons are shoaling, and if the group is swimming in the same direction in a coordinated manner, they are schooling. [1] In common usage, the terms are sometimes used rather loosely. [1] About one quarter of fish species shoal all their lives, and about one half shoal for part of ...
Shoaling and schooling – In biology, any group of fish that stay together for social reasons are shoaling, and if the group is swimming in the same direction in a coordinated manner, they are schooling . Marine habitats – The sedimentologist Francis Shepard classified coasts as primary or secondary.
Shoaling – describes the behaviour of fish which aggregate together, including mixed species groups. Fish derive many benefits from shoaling behaviour including defence against predators through better predator detection and by diluting the chance of capture, enhanced foraging success, and higher success in finding a mate.
Shoaling also increases mating and foraging success. Schooling on the other hand, is a behaviour within the shoal where fish can be seen performing various manoeuvres in a synchronised manner. [76] The parallel swimming is a form of ‘social copying’ where fish in the school replicate the direction and velocity of its neighbouring fishes. [77]
A school of bluefin trevally working a school of anchovies which may compact into a spherical bait ball if they are sufficiently threatened. A bait ball, or baitball, occurs when small fish swarm in a tightly packed spherical formation about a common centre. [1]
Garra barreimiae is a small, slender fish, somewhat flattened on the underside. It grows to a length of about 7–8 cm (2.8–3.1 in). [3] [4] The head is wedge-shaped and has a suction plate on the lower jaw and a blunt snout. This fish is a fairly dark colour and is speckled; it has a paler transverse band just behind the head.
Shoaling can also refract waves, so the waves change direction. For example, if waves pass over a sloping bank which is shallower at one end than the other, then the shoaling effect will result in the waves slowing more at the shallow end. Thus, the wave fronts will refract, changing direction like light passing through a prism.
The common minnow is a small fish which reaches a maximum total length of 14 centimetres (5 + 1 ⁄ 2 in), but is normally around 7 centimetres (3 in) in length. It has 3 spines and 6–8 soft rays in its dorsal fin with 3 spines and 6–8 soft rays in its anal fin .