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The Emergency Severity Index (ESI) is a five-level emergency department triage algorithm, initially developed in 1998 by emergency physicians Richard Wurez and David Eitel. [1] It was previously maintained by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) but is currently maintained by the Emergency Nurses Association (ENA).
Simple triage and rapid treatment (START) is a triage method used by first responders to quickly classify victims during a mass casualty incident (MCI) based on the severity of their injury. The method was developed in 1983 by the staff members of Hoag Hospital and Newport Beach Fire Department located in California , and is currently widely ...
An emergency nurse is assigned to triage patients as they arrive in the emergency department, and as such, is the first professional patients will see. Therefore, this emergency nurse must be skilled at rapid, accurate physical examination and early recognition of life-threatening conditions.
In Hong Kong, triage in Accident & Emergency Departments is performed by experienced registered nurses, patients are divided into five triage categories: Critical, Emergency, Urgent, Semi-urgent and Non-urgent. [85] In mass casualty incidents, the START triage system is used. [86] [87]
The "15-45" at the end refers to the different respiratory criteria in the pediatric JumpSTART triage system, due to the differences between children's and adults' normal respiratory rates. [5] In pediatric patients: Children who are breathing under 15 times a minute are RED. [5] Children who are breathing over 45 times a minute are RED. [5]
Typical triage tag used for emergency mass casualty decontamination.. A triage tag is a tool first responders and medical personnel use during a mass casualty incident.With the aid of the triage tags, the first-arriving personnel are able to effectively and efficiently distribute the limited resources and provide the necessary immediate care for the victims until more help arrives.
The score range is 0–12. In START triage, a patient with an RTS score of 12 is labeled delayed, 11 is urgent, and 3–10 is immediate. Those who have an RTS below 3 are declared dead and should not receive certain care because they are highly unlikely to survive without a significant amount of resources.
Field triage is the process by which emergency medical services providers decide on the destination for the injured subject. Each year, the approximately 1 million emergency medical services (EMS) providers have a substantial impact on the care of injured persons and on public health in the United States.
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