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His father was a Protestant pastor and school inspector, [6] and Rudolf studied in the school of his father. In 1838, he went to the Gymnasium in Stettin. Clausius graduated from the University of Berlin in 1844 where he had studied mathematics and physics since 1840 with, among others, Gustav Magnus, Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, and Jakob ...
William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) received the works of Joule and Helmholtz positively, embracing them as providing support for the emerging "science of energy." [ 18 ] In the late 1840s to the 1850s, Kelvin, his friend William John Macquorn Rankine , and the German Rudolf Clausius published a steady stream of papers concerning heat engines ...
The following is a list of people who are considered a "father" or "mother" (or "founding father" or "founding mother") of a scientific field.Such people are generally regarded to have made the first significant contributions to and/or delineation of that field; they may also be seen as "a" rather than "the" father or mother of the field.
Rudolf Clausius publishes his paper on the mechanical theory of heat, which first states the basic ideas of the second law of thermodynamics. [ 10 ] Hippolyte Fizeau and E. Gounelle measure the speed of electricity .
The science of thermodynamics was developed into its modern form by Sadi Carnot, William Rankine, Rudolf Clausius, William Thomson, James Clerk Maxwell, Ludwig Boltzmann and J. Willard Gibbs. These scientific principles were applied to a variety of industrial concerns, including improving the efficiency of boilers and steam turbines.
In 1852, Joule and Thomson demonstrated that a rapidly expanding gas cools, later named the Joule–Thomson effect or Joule–Kelvin effect. [42] Hermann von Helmholtz puts forward the idea of the heat death of the universe in 1854, [ 43 ] the same year that Clausius established the importance of dQ/T ( Clausius's theorem ) (though he did not ...
William John Macquorn Rankine FRSE FRS (/ ˈ r æ ŋ k ɪ n /; 5 July 1820 – 24 December 1872) was a Scottish mathematician and physicist. He was a founding contributor, with Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), to the science of thermodynamics , particularly focusing on its First Law.
Rudolf Clausius - originator of the concept of "entropy". In his 1854 memoir, Clausius first develops the concepts of interior work, i.e. that "which the atoms of the body exert upon each other", and exterior work, i.e. that "which arise from foreign influences [to] which the body may be exposed", which may act on a working body of fluid or gas, typically functioning to work a piston.