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A complicating matter regarding bolt thrust is that a cartridge case expands and deforms under high pressure and starts to "stick" to the chamber. This "friction-effect" can be accounted for with finite elements calculations on a computer, but it is a lot of specialized work and generally not worth the trouble.
In mathematics, an event that occurs with high probability (often shortened to w.h.p. or WHP) is one whose probability depends on a certain number n and goes to 1 as n goes to infinity, i.e. the probability of the event occurring can be made as close to 1 as desired by making n big enough.
The Hadamard code is a locally decodable code, which provides a way to recover parts of the original message with high probability, while only looking at a small fraction of the received word. This gives rise to applications in computational complexity theory and particularly in the design of probabilistically checkable proofs .
Example: Consider a data value of €1,000,000, with an attack probability of 15% and an 80% chance of a successful breach. The potential loss is €1,000,000 × 0.15 × 0.8 = €120,000. Based on the Gordon-Loeb model, the company’s security investment should not exceed €120,000 × 0.37 = €44,000.
In the case when the probability of loss is assumed to be a single number , and is the loss from the event occurring, the familiar form of the Hand formula is recovered. More generally, for continuous outcomes the Hand formula takes form: ∫ Ω L f ( L ) d L > B {\displaystyle \int _{\Omega }Lf(L)dL>B} where Ω {\displaystyle \Omega } is the ...
Now, if a single change in changes by at most then the numerator can change at most by a factor of and the denominator minimum by a factor of . Thus, the ratio of the new probability density (i.e. with new d {\displaystyle d\,\!} ) and the earlier one is at most exp ( 2 ε Δ q ) {\displaystyle \exp(2\varepsilon \Delta q)\,\!} .
Seed oils, including peanut oil and sunflower oil, have been in the news a lot recently. Dietitians explain if seed oils are healthy, and health risks of them.
As one of the graph's axes is probability, it is fairly easy to find the data points that match a specific probability. In aerospace structural analysis, it is common to consider 99.9999% probability (0.0001% risk) to be improbable and 99.99999% probability (0.00001% risk) to be extremely improbable. Then, the confidence interval is used to ...