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Despite the views of Penfield and Woolsey, a consensus emerged that area 4 and area 6 had sufficiently different functions that they could be considered different cortical fields. Fulton [10] helped to solidify this distinction between a primary motor cortex in area 4 and a premotor cortex in area 6. As Fulton pointed out, and as all subsequent ...
The association cortex is a part of the cerebral cortex that performs complex cognitive functions. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Unlike primary sensory or motor areas , which process specific sensory inputs or motor outputs, the association cortex integrates information from various sources to support higher-order cognitive processes.
The leg area is located close to the midline, in interior sections of the motor area folding into the medial longitudinal fissure. The lateral, convex side of the primary motor cortex is arranged from top to bottom in areas that correspond to the buttocks, torso, shoulder, elbow, wrist, fingers, thumb, eyelids, lips, and jaw.
These areas, known as Brodmann areas, are based on their cytoarchitecture but also relate to various functions. An example is Brodmann area 17, which is the primary visual cortex. In more general terms the cortex is typically described as comprising three parts: sensory, motor, and association areas.
The supplementary motor area (SMA) is a part of the motor cortex of primates that contributes to the control of movement. It is located on the midline surface of the hemisphere just in front of (anterior to) the primary motor cortex leg representation. In monkeys, the SMA contains a rough map of the body.
Higher order functions of the association cortical areas are also consistently localized to the same Brodmann areas by neurophysiological, functional imaging, and other methods (e.g., the consistent localization of Broca's speech and language area to the left Brodmann areas 44 and 45).
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On similar criteria Brodmann [27] in 1909 also distinguished between his area 4 (coextensive with the primary motor cortex) and his area 6 (coextensive with the premotor cortex). Vogt and Vogt [1] [2] in 1919 also suggested that motor cortex was divided into a primary motor cortex (area 4) and a higher-order motor cortex (area 6) adjacent to it ...