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The historic importance of vitamin C deficiency relates to occurrence on long sea-going voyages, when the ship food supplies had no good source of the vitamin. Deficiency results in scurvy when plasma concentrations fall below 0.2 mg/dL, whereas the normal plasma concentration range is 0.4 to 1.5 mg/dL.
Vitamin B 12 is the only vitamin or nutrient not available from plant sources. The Food Fortification Initiative lists countries which have mandatory fortification programs for vitamins folic acid, niacin, vitamin A and vitamins B 1 , B 2 and B 12 .
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the development of schizophrenia. [5] Vitamin D can be synthesized in the skin under exposure to UVB from sunlight. Oily fish, such as salmon, herring, and mackerel, are also sources of vitamin D, as are mushrooms.
Your body can’t make vitamin B12, so you need to get it from outside sources like meat, dairy, eggs, fortified foods, and supplements, the NIH says. ... How vitamin B12 deficiency is detected.
If your health care provider suspects you have a vitamin deficiency, they will do routine blood testing to check for the amount of the vitamin in your blood. A vitamin B12 level of less than 200 ...
While some studies have found that vitamin D 3 raises 25(OH)D blood levels faster and remains active in the body longer, [44] [45] others contend that vitamin D 2 sources are equally bioavailable and effective for raising and sustaining 25(OH)D. [46] [47] If digestive disorders compromise absorption, then intramuscular injection of up to ...
As a therapy, it is used to prevent and treat scurvy, a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in the repair of tissue, the formation of collagen, and the enzymatic production of certain neurotransmitters. It is required for the functioning of several enzymes and is important for immune system ...
Vitamin B 12 deficiency has been observed in between 40% and 80% of the vegetarian population who do not also take a vitamin B 12 supplement or consume vitamin-fortified food. [36] In Hong Kong and India, vitamin B 12 deficiency has been found in roughly 80% of the vegan population.