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The first language learned by a person, which may or may not still be used by that individual in adulthood, is a basic measure of a population's language. However, with the high number of mixed francophone-anglophone marriages and the reality of multilingualism in Montreal, this description does not give a true linguistic portrait of Quebec.
Canada's fertility rate hit a record low of 1.4 children born per woman in 2020, [32] below the population replacement level, which stands at 2.1 births per woman. In 2020, Canada also experienced the country's lowest number of births in 15 years, [ 32 ] also seeing the largest annual drop in childbirths (−3.6%) in a quarter of a century. [ 32 ]
"In Canada, 4.7 million people (14.2% of the population) reported speaking a language other than English or French most often at home and 1.9 million people (5.8%) reported speaking such a language on a regular basis as a second language (in addition to their main home language, English or French).
According to Statistics Canada, at the time of the 2011 Canadian census the city of Montreal proper had 1,649,519 inhabitants. [5] A total of 3,824,221 lived in the Montreal Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) at the same 2011 census, up from 3,635,556 at the 2006 census (within 2006 CMA boundaries), which means a population growth rate of +5.2% between 2006 and 2011. [6]
Language spoken most often at home in Quebec (Statistics Canada: 2006 [89]) Language Population Percentage (%) French 6,027,735 81.1 English 744,430 10.0 Both English and French 52,325 0.7 Non-official languages 518,320 7.0 Both French and a non-official language 54,490 0.7 Both English and a non-official language 26,560 0.4
Many of these communities are supported by French-language institutions. In 2016, 29.8 percent of Canadians reported being able to conduct a conversation in French. By the 1969 Official Languages Act, both English and French are recognized as official languages in Canada and granted equal status by the Canadian government. [5]
The bilingual belt (French: la ceinture bilingue) is a term for the portion of Canada where both French and English are regularly spoken. The term was coined by Richard Joy in his 1967 book Languages in Conflict, where he wrote, "The language boundaries in Canada are hardening, with the consequent elimination of minorities everywhere except within a relatively narrow bilingual belt."
Montreal [a] is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest in Canada, and the ninth-largest in North America.Founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie, or "City of Mary", [18] it is now named after Mount Royal, [19] the triple-peaked mountain around which the early settlement was built. [20]