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An illustration of the complex plane. The imaginary numbers are on the vertical coordinate axis. Although the Greek mathematician and engineer Heron of Alexandria is noted as the first to present a calculation involving the square root of a negative number, [6] [7] it was Rafael Bombelli who first set down the rules for multiplication of complex numbers in 1572.
The imaginary unit or unit imaginary number (i) is a mathematical constant that is a solution to the quadratic equation x 2 + 1 = 0. Although there is no real number with this property, i can be used to extend the real numbers to what are called complex numbers, using addition and multiplication. A simple example of the use of i in a complex ...
In mathematics, a complex number is an element of a number system that extends the real numbers with a specific element denoted i, called the imaginary unit and satisfying the equation =; every complex number can be expressed in the form +, where a and b are real numbers.
The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics. Additionally, the subsequent columns contains an informal explanation, a short example, the Unicode location, the name for use in HTML documents, [1] and the LaTeX symbol.
A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various types, many symbols are needed for ...
The following table lists many specialized symbols commonly used in modern mathematics, ordered by their introduction date. The table can also be ordered alphabetically by clicking on the relevant header title.
Note: The empty set symbol ∅ looks similar, but is unrelated to the Greek letter. or represents: the golden ratio 1.618... in mathematics, art, and architecture; Euler's totient function in number theory; the argument of a complex number in mathematics; the value of a plane angle in physics and mathematics
The symbol i in mathematical equations may refer to; Imaginary unit (i), for which i 2 = -1 Imaginary number; Complex number; i, an index variable in a matrix