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Acantholysis is the loss of intercellular connections, such as desmosomes, resulting in loss of cohesion between keratinocytes, [1] seen in diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris. [2] It is absent in bullous pemphigoid , making it useful for differential diagnosis .
Histopathological image of dyshidrotic dermatitis, showing focal spongiotic change in the epidermis. Spongiosis is mainly intercellular [1] edema (abnormal accumulation of fluid) in the epidermis, [2] and is characteristic of eczematous dermatitis, manifested clinically by intraepidermal vesicles (fluid-containing spaces), "juicy" papules, and/or lichenification. [3]
Variable degree of epidermal spongiosis and vesicle formation, filled with proteinaceous fluid containing lymphocytes and histiocytes. Usually superficial dermal edema with perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, with exocytosis. No acanthosis or parakeratosis. Typical findings: [2] Mild to moderate spongiosis and exocytosis of inflammatory cells
Note the intercellular IgG deposits in the epidermis and the early intraepidermal vesicle caused by acantholysis. Pemphigus (/ ˈ p ɛ m f ɪ ɡ ə s / or / p ɛ m ˈ f aɪ ɡ ə s /) is a rare group of blistering autoimmune diseases that affect the skin and mucous membranes. [1] The name is derived from the Greek root pemphix, meaning "blister ...
Orthopedic surgery attempts to recreate the normal anatomy of the fractured bone by reduction of the displacement. [citation needed] This sense of the term "reduction" does not imply any sort of removal or quantitative decrease but rather implies a restoration: re ("back [to initial position]") + ducere ("lead"/"bring"), i.e., "bringing back to ...
[20] [21] [22] Studies reporting on intercostal neurectomy often report cure rates (100% reduction in symptoms), even though it is not the primary success outcome. For example, patients may say they are cured or report pain scores of zero. There is a wide span of the reported cure rates, ranging from 22 - 67%.
Damage control surgery is surgical intervention to keep the patient alive rather than correct the anatomy. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It addresses the "lethal triad" for critically ill patients with severe hemorrhage affecting homeostasis leading to metabolic acidosis , hypothermia , and increased coagulopathy .
Orthognathic surgery (/ ˌ ɔːr θ ə ɡ ˈ n æ θ ɪ k /), also known as corrective jaw surgery or simply jaw surgery, is surgery designed to correct conditions of the jaw and lower face related to structure, growth, airway issues including sleep apnea, TMJ disorders, malocclusion problems primarily arising from skeletal disharmonies, and other orthodontic dental bite problems that cannot ...