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  2. Contrast-induced nephropathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrast-induced_nephropathy

    The mechanism of contrast-induced nephropathy is not entirely understood, but is thought to include a combination of direct renal tubule damage from the contrast agent and reductions in blood flow to areas of the kidney. [19] The contrast agent directly damages renal tubule cells by a variety of mechanisms, one proposed mechanism is by causing ...

  3. Renal physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_physiology

    This illustration demonstrates the normal kidney physiology, including the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle, and Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT). It also includes illustrations showing where some types of diuretics act, and what they do. Renal physiology (Latin renes, "kidneys") is the study of the physiology of the kidney.

  4. Assessment of kidney function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assessment_of_kidney_function

    The GFR, however, does not reveal the source of the kidney disease. This is accomplished by urinalysis, measurement of urine protein excretion, kidney imaging, and, if necessary, kidney biopsy. [1] Much of renal physiology is studied at the level of the nephron – the smallest functional unit of the kidney

  5. Kidney (vertebrates) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_(vertebrates)

    Small mammals have simple, unilobar kidneys with a compact structure and a single renal papilla, while large animals have more complex multilobar kidneys, such as those of bovines. [ 67 ] [ 69 ] Kidneys can also be with a single renal papilla (the unipapillary kidneys), [ 69 ] as in mice and rats , [ 70 ] with several, as in spider monkeys , or ...

  6. Collecting duct system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collecting_duct_system

    Diagram outlining movement of ions in nephron, with the collecting ducts on the right. The collecting duct system is the final component of the kidney to influence the body's electrolyte and fluid balance. In humans, the system accounts for 4–5% of the kidney's reabsorption of sodium and 5% of the kidney's reabsorption of water. At times of ...

  7. Glomerulus (kidney) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulus_(kidney)

    Renal corpuscle showing glomerulus and glomerular capillaries Figure 2: (a) Diagram of the juxtaglomerular apparatus: it has specialized cells working as a unit which monitor the sodiujuxtaglomerular apparatus: it has three types of specm content of the fluid in the distal convoluted tubule (not labelled - it is the tubule on the left) and adjust the glomerular filtration rate and the rate of ...

  8. Mammalian kidney - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalian_kidney

    Renal neoplasms and abscesses are rare in ruminants. [189] Obstructive uropathy (obstruction of urine flow from one or both kidneys) can lead to hydronephrosis with dilatation of the renal pelvis. [190] Kidney stones can also be formed in the kidneys (nephrolithiasis). [191] The cause of acute kidney injury in most cases is ischemic or toxic ...

  9. Nephron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephron

    Fig.1) Schematic diagram of the nephron (yellow), relevant circulation (red/blue), and the four methods of altering the filtrate. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. [3] This means that each separate nephron is where the main work of the kidney is performed. A nephron is made of two parts: