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A holobiont is a collection of closely associated species that have complex interactions, such as a plant species and the members of its microbiome. [2] [9] Each species present in a holobiont is a biont, and the genomes of all bionts taken together are the hologenome, or the "comprehensive gene system" of the holobiont. [10]
In recent years, various cutting-edge tools developed for studying the associations between microbes and plants and extensive modern research on plant microbiomes have dramatically furthered knowledge on ecological functions and key roles of the plant microbiome in supporting plant adaptability to dynamic environments. [14]
The human microbiome has also been correlated to numerous etiologies of non-communicable disease, such as brain disorders, [18] cancer, [19] [20] and heart disease. [21] Interactions between human microbiome and human health are complex and suggest a hologenomic approach.
This concept has been demonstrated for land plants, where root exudates manipulate microbiome composition. [89] In marine environments, the phylogenetic diversity of hosts and symbionts suggests both conserved and marine-specific chemical interactions, but studies are still in their infancy.
Environmental factors act at multiple scales to alter microbiome, holobiont, community, and ecosystem scale processes. Thus, factors that alter microbiome functioning can lead to changes at the holobiont, community, or even ecosystem level and vice versa, illustrating the necessity of considering multiple scales when evaluating functioning in ...
The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) was a United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) research initiative to improve understanding of the microbiota involved in human health and disease. Launched in 2007, [ 1 ] the first phase (HMP1) focused on identifying and characterizing human microbiota.
Research shows that vascular health, or the condition of your blood vessels, plays an important role in brain health. ... Promotes a Healthy Gut Microbiome. Research has found that your gut health ...
A microbiome-wide association study (MWAS), otherwise known as a metagenome-wide association study (MGWAS), is a statistical methodology used to examine the full metagenome of a defined microbiome in various organisms to determine if some feature (as example, gene or species) of the microbiome is associated with a host trait.
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