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Pomalidomide, sold under the brand names Pomalyst and Imnovid, [7] [8] is an anti-cancer medication used for the treatment of multiple myeloma and AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma. [ 7 ] Pomalidomide was approved for medical use in the United States in February 2013, [ 10 ] and in the European Union in August 2013. [ 8 ]
The thalidomide molecule is a synthetic derivative of glutamic acid and consists of a glutarimide ring and a phthaloyl ring (Figure 5). [15] [16] Its IUPAC name is 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)isoindole-1,3-dione and it has one chiral center [15] After thalidomide's selective inhibition of TNF-α had been reported, a renewed effort was put in thalidomide's clinical development.
Dosage [b] Estradiol: Various: Estrogen: Oral: ... 0.5–1.5 mg every 2–3 days Estriol: Ovestin [c ... Medications and dosages used in hormone therapy for ...
Birth control, also known as contraception, anticonception, and fertility control, is the use of methods or devices to prevent pregnancy. [1] [2] Birth control has been used since ancient times, but effective and safe methods of birth control only became available in the 20th century. [3]
[10] [11] While it was initially thought to be safe in pregnancy, concerns regarding birth defects arose, resulting in its removal from the market in Europe in 1961. [9] [10] The total number of infants severely harmed by thalidomide use during pregnancy is estimated at over 10,000, possibly 20,000, of whom about 40% died around the time of birth.
The standard days method is also considered a calendar-based method, because when using it, a woman tracks the days of her menstrual cycle without observing her physical fertility signs. The standard days method is based on a fixed formula taking into consideration the timing of ovulation, the functional life of the sperm and the ovum, and the ...
A virtually safe dose (VSD) may be determined for those carcinogens not assumed to have a threshold. Virtually safe doses are calculated by regulatory agencies to represent the level of exposure to such carcinogenic agents at which an excess of cancers greater than that level accepted by society is not expected. [1]
Myelosuppression is the major dose-limiting toxicity, which is not the case with thalidomide. [ 26 ] Lenalidomide may be associated with adverse effects as second primary malignancy , severe cutaneous reactions, hypersensitivity reactions , tumor lysis syndrome , tumor flare reaction, hypothyroidism , and hyperthyroidism .