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Pomalidomide, sold under the brand names Pomalyst and Imnovid, [7] [8] is an anti-cancer medication used for the treatment of multiple myeloma and AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma. [ 7 ] Pomalidomide was approved for medical use in the United States in February 2013, [ 10 ] and in the European Union in August 2013. [ 8 ]
Feet of a baby born to a mother who had taken thalidomide while pregnant. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the use of thalidomide in 46 countries was prescribed to women who were pregnant or who subsequently became pregnant, and consequently resulted in the "biggest anthropogenic medical disaster ever," with more than 10,000 children born with a range of severe deformities, such as ...
[10] [11] While it was initially thought to be safe in pregnancy, concerns regarding birth defects arose, resulting in its removal from the market in Europe in 1961. [9] [10] The total number of infants severely harmed by thalidomide use during pregnancy is estimated at over 10,000, possibly 20,000, of whom about 40% died around the time of birth.
The thalidomide molecule is a synthetic derivative of glutamic acid and consists of a glutarimide ring and a phthaloyl ring (Figure 5). [15] [16] Its IUPAC name is 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)isoindole-1,3-dione and it has one chiral center [15] After thalidomide's selective inhibition of TNF-α had been reported, a renewed effort was put in thalidomide's clinical development.
A two milligram dose of fentanyl powder (on pencil tip) is a lethal amount for most people. [24] The UN gives a figure of 300,000 deaths per year in the world through drug overdose. 1,015,060 US residents died from drug overdoses from 1968 to 2019. 22 people out of every 100,000 died from drug overdoses in 2019 in the US. [25]
Both Dr. Curcio and Dr. Chekuri recommend a sunscreen with an SPF minimum of 30, even on cloudy days, that's reapplied every two hours when outdoors, especially on exposed skin.
The therapeutic index (TI; also referred to as therapeutic ratio) is a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug with regard to risk of overdose.It is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes toxicity to the amount that causes the therapeutic effect. [1]
A virtually safe dose (VSD) may be determined for those carcinogens not assumed to have a threshold. Virtually safe doses are calculated by regulatory agencies to represent the level of exposure to such carcinogenic agents at which an excess of cancers greater than that level accepted by society is not expected. [1]