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Continuous casting, also called strand casting, is the process whereby molten metal is solidified into a "semifinished" billet, bloom, or slab for subsequent rolling in the finishing mills. Prior to the introduction of continuous casting in the 1950s, steel was poured into stationary molds to form ingots .
The casting is usually a fine-grained casting with an especially fine-grained outer diameter, due to the rapid cooling at the surface of the mold. Lighter impurities and inclusions move towards the inside diameter and can be machined away following the casting. Casting machines may be either horizontal or vertical-axis. [1]
These processes include planar flow casting, twin roll melt spinning, and auto ejection melt spinning. Originating with Robert Pond in a series of related patents from 1958 to 1961 (US Patent Nos. 2825108, 2910744, and 2976590), the current concept of the melt spinner was outlined by Pond and Maddin in 1969.
Centrifugal casting (industrial) Continuous casting; Die casting; Evaporative-pattern casting. Full-mold casting; Lost-foam casting; Investment casting (Lost-wax casting) Countergravity casting [1] Lost-foam casting; Low pressure die casting; Permanent mold casting; Plastic mold casting; Resin casting; Sand casting; Shell molding; Slush casting ...
Continuous casting is used due to the lower costs associated with continuous production of a standard product, and also increased quality of the final product. Metals such as steel, copper, aluminum and lead are continuously cast, with steel being the metal with the greatest tonnages cast using this method.
In addition to the main aspects of casting production – filling, crystallization, and porosity prediction, ProCAST is capable of predicting the occurrence of deformations and residual stresses in the casting and can be used to analyze processes such as core making, centrifugal casting, lost wax casting, continuous casting. [32]
One example of this was at The Great Exhibition in London in 1851, where a plate 20 feet long, 3 1 ⁄ 2 feet wide, and 7/16 of an inch thick, and weighing 1,125 pounds, was exhibited by the Consett Iron Company. [9] Further evolution of the rolling mill came with the introduction of three-high mills in 1853 used for rolling heavy sections.
For example, the dancing girl of Mohenjo-daro is a copper alloy casting that most likely utilizes the lost wax technique. [4] Lost wax casting can be dated back to 4000 BC or the Chalcolithic period. [4] One of the oldest studied examples of this technique is a 6,000-year old amulet from Indus valley civilization. [9]