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Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy (CSM) is a disorder characterised by the age-related deterioration of the cervical spinal cord. [1] Referred to be a range of different but related terms, a global consensus process selected Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy as the new overarching disease term. [2]
TMJ dysfunction is commonly associated with symptoms affecting cervical spine dysfunction and altered head and cervical spine posture. [26] Other signs and symptoms have also been described, although these are less common and less significant than the cardinal signs and symptoms listed above. Examples include:
In cervical spondylosis, a patient may be presented with dull neck pain with neck stiffness in the initial stages of the disease. As the disease progresses, symptoms related to radiculopathy (due to compression of exiting spinal nerve by narrowed intervertebral foramen) or myelopathy (due to compression on the spinal cord) can occur. [2]
TMS can aid physicians to: [10] Determine whether myelopathy exists; Identify the level of the spinal cord where myelopathy is located. This is especially useful in cases where more than two lesions may be responsible for the clinical symptoms and signs, such as in patients with two or more cervical disc hernias [11]
Myelomalacia is a pathological term referring to the softening of the spinal cord. [1] Possible causes of myelomalacia include cervical myelopathy, hemorrhagic infarction, or acute injury, such as that caused by intervertebral disc extrusion.
The constellation of symptoms caused by craniocervical instability is known as "cervico-medullary syndrome" [4] and includes: [5] [6] [7] Anxiety disorder Bobble-head doll syndrome , a sensation that the skull may fall off the cervical spine
This is the most common cause. Internal derangements, an abnormal relationship of the disc to any of the other components of the joint. Disc displacement is an example of internal derangement. Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint, a degenerative joint disease of the articular surfaces.
In older patients, CCS most often occurs after acute hyperextension injury in an individual with long-standing cervical spondylosis.A slow, chronic cause in this age group is when the cord gets caught and squeezed between a posterior intervertebral disc herniation against the anterior cord and/or with posterior pressure on the cord from hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum (Lhermitte's sign ...