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Mydriasis is the dilation of the pupil, usually having a non-physiological cause, [3] or sometimes a physiological pupillary response. [4] Non-physiological causes of mydriasis include disease , trauma , or the use of certain types of drugs .
Dilation and constriction of the pupil. Pupillary response is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil between 1.5 mm and 8 mm, [1] via the optic and oculomotor cranial nerve.
Multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome (MSMDS) is a genetic disorder caused by R179 missense mutations in the ACTA2 gene. Initially described as a case report in 1999, [2] it was characterized in 2010 [3] as a syndrome of congenital mydriasis, patent ductus arteriosus, and aneurysmal arterial disease—in particular aortic and thoracic aneurysms.
Where available, ICD-10 codes are listed. When codes are available both as a sign/symptom (R code) and as an underlying condition, the code for the sign is used. When there is no symptoms for a disease that a patient has, the patient is said to be asymptomatic.
Cyclopentolate is a muscarinic antagonist. [2] It is commonly used as an eye drop during pediatric eye examinations to dilate the eye and prevent the eye from focusing/accommodating (cycloplegic).
Tropicamide is an anticholinergic. [10] It is specifically an antimuscarinic, acting as a selective muscarinic acetylcholine M 1 and M 4 receptor antagonist. [10] However, it has also been reported to be a non-selective antagonist of all five muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. [11] As with other antimuscarinics, tropicamide can produce ...
During ophthalmoscopy, the pupil constricts due to light from the ophthalmoscope. To allow for better inspection of the posterior eye through the pupil, it is often desirable to dilate (enlarge) the pupil by applying a mydriatic agent (e.g. tropicamide), or by reducing the ophthalmoscope's brightness, which may slightly increase natural mydriasis.
Opioids such as fentanyl, morphine, heroin and methadone (the notable exception being pethidine); Products containing nicotine such as cigarettes, chewing tobacco or gum ...