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  2. Acetic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetic_acid

    acetyl chloride SOCl 2 acetic acid (i) Li[AlH 4], ether (ii) H 3 O + ethanol Two typical organic reactions of acetic acid Acetic acid undergoes the typical chemical reactions of a carboxylic acid. Upon treatment with a standard base, it converts to metal acetate and water. With strong bases (e.g., organolithium reagents), it can be doubly deprotonated to give LiCH 2 COOLi. Reduction of acetic ...

  3. Acetogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetogenesis

    Acetogenesis is a process through which acetyl-CoA [1] or acetic acid is produced by anaerobic bacteria through the reduction of CO 2 via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway.Other microbial processes that produce acetic acid (like certain types of fermentation or the oxidative breakdown of carbohydrates or ethanol by acetic acid bacteria) are not considered acetogenesis.

  4. Pharmacology of ethanol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacology_of_ethanol

    If the reaction stops part way through the metabolic pathways, which happens because acetic acid is excreted in the urine after drinking, then not nearly as much energy can be derived from alcohol, indeed, only 215.1 kJ/mol. At the very least, the theoretical limits on energy yield are determined to be −215.1 kJ/mol to −1 325.6 kJ/mol.

  5. Acidogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidogenesis

    For the acetic acid production are considered three kind of bacteria: Clostridium aceticum; Acetobacter woodii; and; Clostridium termoautotrophicum. Winter y Wolfe, in 1979, demonstrated that A. woodii in syntrophic association with Methanosarcina produce methane and carbon dioxide from fructose, instead of three molecules of acetate. [6]

  6. Mixed acid fermentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_acid_fermentation

    The mixed acid fermentation pathway in E. coli. [1] [2] End products are highlighted in blue.In biochemistry, mixed acid fermentation is the metabolic process by which a six-carbon sugar (e.g. glucose, C 6 H 12 O 6) is converted into a complex and variable mixture of acids.

  7. Acetyl-CoA synthetase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetyl-CoA_synthetase

    Representative fatty acid molecule (palmitic acid, C16) By taking advantage of the pathways which use acetyl-CoA as a substrate, engineered products can be obtained which have potential to be consumer products. By overexpressing the acs gene, and using acetate as a feedstock, the production of fatty acids (FAs) may be increased. [15]

  8. Methanogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanogenesis

    The production of methane is an important and widespread form of microbial metabolism. In anoxic environments, it is the final step in the decomposition of biomass. Methanogenesis is responsible for significant amounts of natural gas accumulations, the remainder being thermogenic. [1] [2] [3]

  9. Acetogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetogen

    An acetogen is a microorganism that generates acetate (CH 3 COO −) as an end product of anaerobic respiration or fermentation.However, this term is usually employed in a narrower sense only to those bacteria and archaea that perform anaerobic respiration and carbon fixation simultaneously through the reductive acetyl coenzyme A pathway (also known as the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway).