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A dissection in the deep plane can mostly be performed safely, because the facial nerve innervates the facial muscles on the deep surface of these muscles (except for the muscles which are lying deep to the facial nerve, the mentalis, the levator anguli oris and the buccinator). The fibres of the nerve are becoming more superficially medially.
The superficial temporal and the deep temporal spaces are sometimes together called the temporal spaces. The masticator spaces are paired structures on either side of the head. The muscles of mastication are enclosed in a layer of fascia, formed by cervical fascia ascending from the neck which divides at the inferior border of the mandible to ...
Plane III - from beginning to completion of intercostal muscle paralysis. Diaphragmatic respiration persists but there is progressive intercostal paralysis, pupils dilated and light reflex is abolished. The laryngeal reflex lost in plane II can still be initiated by painful stimuli arising from the dilatation of anus or cervix.
Minimal-access cranial suspension is a form of facial surgery or rhytidectomy used to reduce wrinkles and lift sagging facial tissue and originally developed in Belgium. [1] Facial tissues are accessed via an incision before the ear. Sutures are then used to lift the underlying tissue.
In most areas, a distinct plane can be defined deep to the SMAS (continuous with that formed between the platysma and underlying investing layer of deep cervical fascia). [ 3 ] Superiorly, the SMAS extends to the galea aponeurotica of [ citation needed ] the scalp, [ 2 ] : 438 becoming continuous with temporoparietal fascia [ 1 ] [ 1 ] (at the ...
Langer's lines, Langer lines of skin tension, or sometimes called cleavage lines, are topological lines drawn on a map of the human body. They are parallel to the natural orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis, and generally parallel to the underlying muscle fibers.
Andrew A. Jacono (born October 30, 1970) is an American facial surgeon and creator of the minimal access deep-plane extended facelift, a minimally invasive hybrid facelift. [1] Jacono starred in the Discovery Fit & Health television program Facing Trauma as the volunteer surgeon who reconstructed faces disfigured in abusive relationships and ...
Aside from drug treatments, there are many surgical methods to improve the facial appearance. One of them is facelift, technically known as facial rhytidectomy. This method is a type of cosmetic surgery procedure used to give a more youthful appearance. It involves the removal of excess facial skin and tightening of the skin on the face and ...