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The Temple tax (מחצית השקל, lit. ' half shekel ') was a tax paid by Israelites and Levites which went towards the upkeep of the Jewish Temple, as reported in the New Testament. [1] Traditionally, Kohanim (Jewish priests) were exempt from the tax.
The exceptional purity helps explain why the Jerusalem Temple priests specifically required Tyrian shekels for Temple tax payments. The money-changers referenced in the New Testament Gospels (Matt. 21:12 and parallels) provided Tyrian shekels in exchange for Roman currency when this was required. [6] [7]
A related term, the korbanas, is found in the New Testament (Matthew 27:6) where the money of Judas Iscariot cannot be received into the temple "treasury", or κορβανᾶς korbanas, because it is "blood money". Josephus explains this term korbanas as the temple treasury – ton hieron thesauron, kaleitai de korbanas (War of the Jews 2.9.4 ...
The tax was to go instead to the Temple of Capitoline Jupiter, the major center of ancient Roman religion. The fiscus Judaicus was a humiliation for the Jews. [ citation needed ] In Rome, a special procurator known as procurator ad capitularia Iudaeorum was responsible for the collection of the tax. [ 2 ]
Heinrich Meyer suggests that Peter's assertion "Yes" makes it "clear that Jesus had hitherto been in the habit of paying the tax". [6]The story ends without stating that Peter caught the fish as Jesus predicted, [7] nor does the text specify the species of the fish involved, but three West Asian varieties of tilapia are referred to as "St. Peter's fish", in particular the redbelly tilapia.
Its main subject is the half-shekel tax that ancient Jews paid every year to make possible the maintenance and proper functioning of the Temple in Jerusalem. There is no Gemara about the treatise in the Babylonian Talmud, but there is one in the Jerusalem Talmud, and the latter is often printed in the editions of the Babylonian Talmud. [1] [2]
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As the tax burden increased and Roman contempt towards the sanctity of both Jerusalem and Temple became apparent, so did the strength of a new sect increase. The Zealots , [ 67 ] radical Pharisees embodied by Beit Shammai , were dedicated to the restoration of Jewish independence and advocated open rebellion.