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  2. Federal judiciary of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the...

    A United States court was also established for the Northwest Territory. [citation needed] When the Constitution came into force in 1789, Congress gained the authority to establish the federal judicial system as a whole. Only the Supreme Court was established by the Constitution itself.

  3. List of courts of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_courts_of_the...

    The trial courts are U.S. district courts, followed by United States courts of appeals and then the Supreme Court of the United States. The judicial system, whether state or federal, begins with a court of first instance, whose work may be reviewed by an appellate court, and then ends at the court of last resort, which may review the work of ...

  4. State court (United States) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_court_(United_States)

    In the United States, a state court is a law court with jurisdiction over disputes with some connection to a U.S. state.State courts handle the vast majority of civil and criminal cases in the United States; the United States federal courts are far smaller in terms of both personnel and caseload, and handle different types of cases.

  5. Judiciary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary

    The Supreme Court Building houses the Supreme Court of the United States, the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States.. The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases.

  6. Article Three of the United States Constitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_Three_of_the...

    The Court's appellate jurisdiction is given "with such exceptions, and under such regulations as the Congress shall make." Often a court will assert a modest degree of power over a case for the threshold purpose of determining whether it has jurisdiction, and so the word "power" is not necessarily synonymous with the word "jurisdiction". [14] [15]

  7. United States district court - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_District_Court

    The number of judges in each district court (and the structure of the judicial system generally) is set by Congress in the United States Code. The president appoints the federal judges for terms of good behavior (subject to the advice and consent of the Senate), so the nominees often share at least some of his or her convictions.

  8. Judicial independence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_independence

    The rule of law means that all authority and power must come from an ultimate source of law. Under an independent judicial system, the courts and its officers are free from inappropriate intervention in the judiciary's affairs. With this independence, the judiciary can safeguard people's rights and freedoms which ensure equal protection for all.

  9. Separation of powers under the United States Constitution

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under...

    Courts check both the executive branch and the legislative branch through judicial review. This concept is not written into the Constitution, but was envisioned by many of the Constitution's Framers (for example, The Federalist Papers mention it). The Supreme Court established a precedent for judicial review in Marbury v. Madison. There were ...