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Sima Guang (17 November 1019 – 11 October 1086), courtesy name Junshi, was a Chinese historian, politician, and writer. He was a high-ranking Song dynasty scholar-official who authored the Zizhi Tongjian, a monumental work of history. Sima was a political conservative who opposed the reforms of Wang Anshi.
Sima Guang. The principal text of the Zizhi Tongjian comprises a year-by-year narrative of the history of China over 294 scrolls, sweeping through many Chinese historical periods (Warring States, Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms, Jin and the Sixteen Kingdoms, Southern and Northern dynasties, Sui, Tang, and Five Dynasties), supplemented with two sections of 30 scrolls each—'tables' (目錄; mùlù ...
The Sushui Jiwen (涑水記聞; "Records of Rumours from Sushui") is a book written by the Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang (1019–1086) in imperial China.While working with Liu Daoyuan [] (劉道原) and others to compile a never-published Zizhi Tongjian Houji (資治通鑑後記), a book on the Song Dynasty history, Sima Guang collected many miscellaneous anecdotes.
The book is sometimes described as a condensed version of Zizhi Tongjian, but it's in fact historical criticism containing copious didactic and ideological rhetoric. The book was later translated into Manchu as the Tung Giyan G'ang Mu (ᡨᡠᠩ ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡬᠠᠩ ᠮᡠ) upon the request of the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing.
Doubts concerning Confucius' authorship of the Wings were expressed by Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072) and Sima Guang (1019-1086) during the Northern Song dynasty. They were further consolidated by Yao Jiheng (1647-1715) and Kang Youwei (1858-1927) of the Qing dynasty.
Essentially, Sima Guang believed that government was the domain of the pre-existing elite and only the elite. He argued that the empire would be better off if rich families kept more of their wealth. "If (wealth) is in the hands of the state then it is not in the hands of the people," Sima said in a debate with Wang before the emperor.
Xu Zizhi Tongjian (續資治通鑑; "Continuation to Zizhi Tongjian") was a book chronicling Chinese history of the Song dynasty between 960 and 1279 and the Yuan dynasty between 1279 and 1370. Credited to Bi Yuan (畢沅; 1730–1797), a high-ranking politician in the Qing dynasty , the book was not completed until after his death in 1801 by ...
Sima did not even like the imperial examinations and argued that only candidates recommended by court officials should be able to sit the examinations. Essentially, Sima Guang believed that government was the domain of the pre-existing elite and only the elite. [37] Ouyang Xiu (1007–1072) – statesman formerly recommended by Wang