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  2. Transitive relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive_relation

    The transitive extension of R 1 would be denoted by R 2, and continuing in this way, in general, the transitive extension of R i would be R i + 1. The transitive closure of R, denoted by R* or R ∞ is the set union of R, R 1, R 2, ... . [8] The transitive closure of a relation is a transitive relation. [8]

  3. Relation (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relation_(mathematics)

    As an example, "is less than" is a relation on the set of natural numbers; it holds, for instance, between the values 1 and 3 (denoted as 1 < 3), and likewise between 3 and 4 (denoted as 3 < 4), but not between the values 3 and 1 nor between 4 and 4, that is, 3 < 1 and 4 < 4 both evaluate to false.

  4. List of set identities and relations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_set_identities_and...

    This article lists mathematical properties and laws of sets, involving the set-theoretic operations of union, intersection, and complementation and the relations of set equality and set inclusion.

  5. Equivalence relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_relation

    For example, the natural numbers 2 and 6 have a common factor greater than 1, and 6 and 3 have a common factor greater than 1, but 2 and 3 do not have a common factor greater than 1. The empty relation R (defined so that aRb is never true) on a set X is vacuously symmetric and transitive; however, it is not reflexive (unless X itself is empty).

  6. Glossary of mathematical symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical...

    2. Denotes the additive inverse and is read as minus, the negative of, or the opposite of; for example, –2. 3. Also used in place of \ for denoting the set-theoretic complement; see \ in § Set theory. × (multiplication sign) 1. In elementary arithmetic, denotes multiplication, and is read as times; for example, 3 × 2. 2. In geometry and ...

  7. Converse relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Converse_relation

    In the monoid of binary endorelations on a set (with the binary operation on relations being the composition of relations), the converse relation does not satisfy the definition of an inverse from group theory, that is, if is an arbitrary relation on , then does not equal the identity relation on in general.

  8. Return fraud is costing retailers billions. A new AI program ...

    www.aol.com/news/return-fraud-costing-retailers...

    Amazon, along with other online giants like Walmart, Target, and Wayfair, were also targeted by a crime ring that recruited legitimate shoppers to purchase items, have them refunded, and then keep ...

  9. Relation algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relation_algebra

    A relation algebra (L, ∧, ∨, −, 0, 1, •, I, ˘) is an algebraic structure equipped with the Boolean operations of conjunction x∧y, disjunction x∨y, and negation x −, the Boolean constants 0 and 1, the relational operations of composition x•y and converse x˘, and the relational constant I, such that these operations and constants satisfy certain equations constituting an ...