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  2. Methanol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanol

    Methanol and its vapours are flammable. Moderately toxic for small animals – Highly toxic to large animals and humans (in high concentrations) – May be fatal/lethal or cause blindness and damage to the liver, kidneys, and heart if swallowed – Toxicity effects from repeated over exposure have an accumulative effect on the central nervous system, especially the optic nerve – Symptoms may ...

  3. Protic solvent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protic_solvent

    Chemical formula Boiling point Dielectric constant Density Dipole moment Polar protic solvents: formic acid: HCO 2 H: 101 °C 58 1.21 g/mL 1.41 D n-butanol: CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH: 118 °C 18 0.810 g/mL 1.63 D isopropanol (IPA) (CH 3) 2 CH(OH) 82 °C 18 0.785 g/mL 1.66 D nitromethane: CH 3 NO 2: 101°C 35.87 1.1371 g/mL 3.56 D ethanol (EtOH) CH ...

  4. Chemical polarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_polarity

    Note that the dipole moments drawn in this diagram represent the shift of the valence electrons as the origin of the charge, which is opposite the direction of the actual electric dipole moment. The bond dipole moment [5] uses the idea of electric dipole moment to measure the polarity of a chemical bond within a molecule. It occurs whenever ...

  5. Methanol (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanol_(data_page)

    Here is a similar formula from the 67th edition of the CRC handbook. Note that the form of this formula as given is a fit to the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, which is a good theoretical starting point for calculating saturation vapor pressures: log 10 (P) = −(0.05223)a/T + b, where P is in mmHg, T is in kelvins, a = 38324, and b = 8.8017.

  6. Polarizability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarizability

    The polarizability of an atom or molecule is defined as the ratio of its induced dipole moment to the local electric field; in a crystalline solid, one considers the dipole moment per unit cell. [1] Note that the local electric field seen by a molecule is generally different from the macroscopic electric field that would be measured externally.

  7. Reaction field method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_field_method

    The reaction field method is used in molecular simulations to simulate the effect of long-range dipole-dipole interactions for simulations with periodic boundary conditions. Around each molecule there is a 'cavity' or sphere within which the Coulomb interactions are treated explicitly.

  8. Solvent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent

    The polarity, dipole moment, polarizability and hydrogen bonding of a solvent determines what type of compounds it is able to dissolve and with what other solvents or liquid compounds it is miscible. Generally, polar solvents dissolve polar compounds best and non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar compounds best; hence " like dissolves like ".

  9. Polar aprotic solvent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_aprotic_solvent

    Chemical formula Boiling point Dielectric constant Density Dipole moment Comment Polar aprotic solvents: acetone: C 3 H 6 O 56.05 °C 21.83 0.7845 g/cm 3: 2.91 reacts with strong acids and bases acetonitrile : CH 3 CN 81.3 - 82.1 °C 38.3 0.776 g/cm 3: 3.20 reacts with strong acids and bases dichloromethane: CH 2 Cl 2: 39.6 °C 9.08 1.3266 g/cm ...