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The hydroxyl radical, Lewis structure shown, contains one unpaired electron. Lewis dot structure of a Hydroxide ion compared to a hydroxyl radical. In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron.
In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen (O 2), water, and hydrogen peroxide. Some prominent ROS are hydroperoxide (O 2 H), superoxide (O 2 - ), [ 1 ] hydroxyl radical (OH .
The free radical theory of aging states that organisms age because cells accumulate free radical damage over time. [1] A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell. [2] While a few free radicals such as melanin are not chemically reactive, most biologically relevant free radicals are highly ...
The hydroxyl radical, • HO, is the neutral form of the hydroxide ion (HO –). Hydroxyl radicals are highly reactive and consequently short-lived; however, they form an important part of radical chemistry .
Free Radical Biology and Medicine is a peer-reviewed scientific journal and official journal of the Society for Redox Biology and Medicine.The journal covers research on redox biology, signaling, biological chemistry and medical implications of free radicals, reactive species, oxidants and antioxidants.
The hydroperoxyl radical, also known as the hydrogen superoxide, is the protonated form of superoxide with the chemical formula HO 2, also written HOO •. This species plays an important role in the atmosphere and as a reactive oxygen species in cell biology.
Oxidative stress mechanisms in tissue injury. Free radical toxicity induced by xenobiotics and the subsequent detoxification by cellular enzymes (termination).. Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. [1]
The formation of thiyl radicals in vivo primarily occurs through the action of various radicals on the amino acid cysteine incorporated into proteins. The rate of radical formation is highest with the OH · radical (k = 6.8 x 10 9 M-1 s-1) [3] and decreases through the H · radical (k = 6.8 x 10 9 M-1 s-1) [3] down to peroxyl radicals R-CHOO · (k = 4.2 x 10 3 M-1 s-1).