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Models that describe health behavior change can be distinguished in terms of the assumption whether they are continuum-based or stage-based. [7] A continuum (mediator) model claims that change is a continuous process that leads from lack of motivation via action readiness either to successful change or final disengagement.
Sodium phosphates are popular in commerce in part because they are inexpensive and because they are nontoxic at normal levels of consumption. [4] However, oral sodium phosphates when taken at high doses for bowel preparation for colonoscopy may in some individuals carry a risk of kidney injury under the form of phosphate nephropathy.
It has been described as an alternative to the U.S.'s moral model and disease model of drug use and addiction. [2] While the moral model treats drug use as a morally wrong action and the disease model treats it as a biological or genetic disease needing medical intervention, harm reduction takes a public health approach with a basis in ...
In social psychology, the health belief model (HBM) is a psychological framework used to explain and predict individuals' potentially detrimental behaviors, attitudes and beliefs on their health.
Zero-risk bias is a tendency to prefer the complete elimination of risk in a sub-part over alternatives with greater overall risk reduction. [1] It often manifests in cases where decision makers address problems concerning health, safety, and the environment. [2] Its effect on decision making has been observed in surveys presenting hypothetical ...
Tobacco harm reduction describes actions taken to lower the health risks associated with using tobacco, especially combustible forms, without abstaining completely from tobacco and nicotine. Some of these measures include switching to safer (lower tar) cigarettes, switching to snus or dipping tobacco , or using a non-tobacco nicotine delivery ...
The negative-state relief model states that human beings have an innate drive to reduce negative moods. They can be reduced by engaging in any mood-elevating behaviour, including helping behaviour, as it is paired with positive value such as smiles and thank you.
Risk reduction may refer to: Health. Absolute risk reduction or relative risk reduction, statistical descriptors of an intervention. Harm reduction, in public health;