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The most updated HIV testing protocols recommend using the HIV-1 and HIV-2 antigen/antibody combination immunoassay as the initial screening test for an HIV infection. [22] This blood test assesses whether or not the mother has created antibodies , which are disease-fighting proteins of the immune system, against the HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses.
HIV enters the brain early on in the infection. [21] It is thought that HIV uses a "Trojan horse" mechanism to enter the brain. Normally, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) serves as a protective mechanism by preventing entry of foreign substances; disruption of the BBB by HIV contributes to the progression of infection. [22]
Zika fever, caused by Zika virus, can cause microcephaly and other brain defects in the child. [11] COVID-19 in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth with an odds ratio of approximately 2. [12] Hepatitis B may also be classified as a vertically transmitted infection. The hepatitis B virus is
Children whose mothers had coronavirus infections during pregnancy were more likely to be diagnosed with neurodevelopmental problems, a study finds. Coronavirus infection during pregnancy linked ...
HIV is a retrovirus, which comprise a large and diverse family of RNA viruses that make a DNA copy of their RNA genome after infection of a host cell. An essential step in the replication cycle of HIV-1 and other retroviruses is the integration of this viral DNA into the host DNA.
When an infant is born to an HIV-infected mother, diagnosis of an HIV infection is complicated by the presence of maternal anti-HIV IgG antibody, which crosses the placenta to the fetus. Indeed, virtually all children born to HIV-infected mothers are HIV-antibody positive at birth, although only 15%-30% are actually infected.
In honor of National Black HIV/AIDS Awareness Day, Marvelyn Brown shares her story on becoming HIV positive and what she wants people to know about the virus.
A study of 236,379 COVID-19 survivors showed that the "estimated incidence of a neurological or psychiatric diagnosis in the following 6 months" after diagnosed infection was 33.62% with 12.84% "receiving their first such diagnosis" and higher risks being associated with COVID-19 severity.
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