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The present weather sensor (PWS) is a component of an automatic weather station that detects the presence of hydrometeors and determines their type (rain, snow, drizzle, etc.) and intensity. It works on a principle similar to a bistatic radar , noting the passage of droplets, or flakes, between a transmitter and a sensor.
Weather stations typically have these following instruments: Thermometer for measuring air and sea surface temperature; Barometer for measuring atmospheric pressure; Hygrometer for measuring humidity; Anemometer for measuring wind speed; Pyranometer for measuring solar radiation; Rain gauge for measuring liquid precipitation over a set period ...
The 20th century developed new remote sensing tools, such as weather radars, weather satellites and wind profilers, which provide better sampling both regionally and globally. Remote sensing instruments collect data from weather events some distance from the instrument and typically stores the data where the instrument is located and often ...
Unlike manual weather stations, automated airport weather stations cannot report the class and amount of clouds. Also, precipitation measurements are difficult, especially for snow, as the gauge must empty itself between observations. For present weather, all phenomena that do not touch the sensor, such as fog patches, remain unobserved. [1]
Airport weather stations are automated sensor suites which are designed to serve aviation and meteorological operations, weather forecasting and climatology. Automated airport weather stations have become part of the backbone of weather observing in the United States and Canada and are becoming increasingly more prevalent worldwide due to their ...
Single sensor lightning detectors have been used on aircraft and while the lightning direction can be determined from a crossed loop sensor, the distance can not be determined reliably because the signal amplitude varies between the individual strokes described above, [11]: 115 and these systems use amplitude to estimate distance. Because the ...
The sensors also deteriorate over time, and corrections are necessary for orbital drift and decay. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Particularly large differences between reconstructed temperature series occur at the few times when there is little temporal overlap between successive satellites, making intercalibration difficult.
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